语言学补充习题.doc

Language and Linguistics The important distinction in linguistics proposed by Chomsky is _____. Synchronic and diachronic Langue and parole Signifier and signified Competence and performance According to Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. parole performance langue language The term _________ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over the various periods of time and at various historical stages. A. synchronic B. diachronic C. comparative D. historical comparative Language is ____ in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between a word and the object it refers to. systematic symbolic arbitrary ambiguous What function are most imperative sentences associated with? Informative Interrogative Phatic Directive 6. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degree centigrade.” is _________ A. interrogative B. directive C. informative D. performative Everyday we send messages that have never been sent and understand novel messages; in this sense, our language is ____. productive interchangeable genetically transmitted rule-governed Language can refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. This is what we mean by _____. cultural transmission displacement duality productivity By duality we mean that language has two sets of structures, one of _______ and the other of ______. surface structure, deep structure phonemes, morphemes sounds, meanings production, reception  According to Chomsky, ________ is the ideal user’s internalized knowledge of his language. competence parole performance langue General linguistics is the scientific study of _________. language of a certain individual the German language human languages in general the system of a particular language Phonetics and Phonology The study of how sounds are put together are used to convey meaning in communication is