超快光学 第01章 入门.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * J.K. Ranka, R.S. Windeler, and A.J. Stentz, Opt. Lett. Vol. 25, pp. 25-27, 2000 * Picture from Dan MIttleman’s Ultrafast Optics lectures * * * * * * * Image from Femtosecond Laser Pulses: Linear Properties, Manipulation, Generation and Measurement Matthias Wollenhaupt, Andreas Assion and Thomas Baumert * The Academys citation: For his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy. 1999’s laureate in Chemistry is being rewarded for his pioneering investigation of fundamental chemical reactions, using ultra-short laser flashes, on the time scale on which the reactions actually occur. Professor Zewails contributions have brought about a revolution in chemistry and adjacent sciences, since this type of investigation allows us to understand and predict important reactions. * * * Image due to Chris Schaffer, UCSD * Images due to Jeff Squier, Colorado School of Mines * Image due to Jeff Squier, Colorado School of Mines * M.D. Feit, A.M. Komashko, A.M. Rubenchik, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory * S. Kawata, et al., Osaka Univ. Nature 412, 697, 2001 * * Diels and Mourou; Lightning image from National Geographic * * Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) “Polarization Gate” Geometry Nonlinear medium Pulse to be measured Variable delay, t Camera Spec- trometer Beam splitter E(t) E(t-t) Esig(t,t)= E(t) |E(t-t)|2 FROG involves gating the pulse with a variably delayed replica of itself in an instantaneous nonlinear-optical medium and then spectrally resolving the gated pulse vs. delay. 45° polarization rotation Use any ultrafast nonlinearity: Second-harmonic generation, etc. FROG traces for linearly chirped pulses The FROG trace visually displays the pulse frequency vs. time. Frequency Frequency Time Delay Negatively chirped Unchirped Positively chirped 1 0 One of the shortest events ever created! Baltuska, Pshenichnikov, and Weirsma, J. Quant. Electron., 35, 459 (1999). FROG traces