天然简史(国外英语资料).docVIP

自然简史 Chapter 1 origin of natural science knowledge and science and technology 1. What are the main technological inventions in primitive society? Whats the point? Answer: the main technological inventions of primitive society are as follows: 1. The use of stone tools; two, using natural fire; three, archery; four; pottery manufacturing technology; five; primitive agriculture and livestock production. Meaning: the original invention lies not only in the meaning of human being can transform nature, at the same time, they are in the process of transforming the objective world in the transformation of the human itself, the development of the humans ability and cleverness, attributes of human beings began to gradually understand the nature. 2, the causes and the essence of primitive religion Answer: primitive religion produces the reason: only when the human intelligence has progressed, and has the preliminary abstract thought ability, then can have the primitive religious idea appearance. Substance: it is, after all, an explanation of primitive mans unexplained natural phenomena. It is not only a manifestation of insufficient natural knowledge, but also a supplement to natural knowledge, and even a special form of natural knowledge. Primitive mans understanding of the nature of natural things is also expressed by religious nature at that time. The second chapter: Ancient Oriental Science and technology 1. What achievements did the ancient Egyptians have in the field of natural science for later generations? Answer: the ancient Egyptians have influence on the scientific achievements are: 1, invented the word; two, papyrus; determine the calendar three, sun; four, five, great achievement geometry; medical achievements (Mu Naiyi); six, architectural art (Pyramid). 2. What achievements did the ancient West Asia achieve in mathematics and astronomy? A: in astronomy, there are astronomical observations and calendars. The solar calendar is written in terms of the law of the m