05 Joints of limbs-课件.pptVIP

第三节 Joints of limbs 附肢骨的连结 Department of Anatomy Yunyang medical college 教学目的与要求 1.掌握肩关节的构成、特点及运动。 2.掌握肘关节的组成及运动，腕关节的形态及构成。 3.掌握髋骨与脊柱间的韧带连结，骨盆的组成与分部。 4.掌握髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的形态、特点及运动。 5.了解胸锁关节、肩锁关节、骶髂关节的组成，足弓的构成及功能。 The General Description Owing to the erect standing of human being,the upper limb has been freed and more movable from weight bearing and become a laboring organ.The joints of the upper limb are chiefly for the mobility in action,whereas the joints of the lower limb are for the stability. Ⅰ. Joints of upper limb Ⅰ) Joints of shoulder girdle 1.Sternoclavicular joint胸锁关节 *Composition: clavicular notch of sternum, and the first costal cartilage, sternal end of clavicle. *Feature: Articular capsule: strong *Movements(polyaxial joint) 2.Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节 ( plane joint) 3.Coracoacromial ligament喙肩韧带 Ⅱ)Joints of free upper limb 1.Shoulder joint 肩关节 (ball-and-socket) *Composition: head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula *Feature: Articular surface: Capsule: Thin and lax Attachments: Glenoid labrum盂唇: Coracohumeral ligament 喙肱韧带 *Movements: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction 2. Elbow joint 肘关节(compound joint) *Composition: lower end of humerus, upper ends of radius and ulna 1.Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节 2.Humeroradial joint肱桡关节 3.Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节 *Feature: Articular surface: compound joint Capsule: thin and lax anteriorly and posteriorly. Ligaments: 1.Radial collacteral ligament 桡侧副韧带: 2. Ulnar collacteral ligament 尺侧副韧带: 3. Annular ligament of radius 桡骨环状韧带: *Movements: flexion and extension, pronation and supination 3.Joints between radius and ulnar Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节 Distal radioulnar joint 桡尺远侧关节 Interosseous membrane of forearm 前臂骨间膜 2)Carpometacarpal joints: ★ Carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节 *Composition : trapezium and base of the first metacarpal *Feature:saddle joint *Movement