执行时间(latency等待时间)摘要.ppt

Performance Measurement 1 Performance Execution time 执行时间（latency等待时间）: Time between the start and the completion of an event一个事件从开始到结束所经过的时间 Performance ? 1/(Execution time)性能与执行时间成反比 Throughput吞吐量 (bandwidth带宽)： Total amount of work done in a given time给定时间内完成的全部工作 Performance Measurement 1 Machine X is n% faster than Machine Y:机器X比机器Y快 n% Performance Measurement 2 Example: Machine A runs a program in 10 seconds, Machine B runs the same program in 15 seconds, A is __% faster than B. Make the Common Case Fast Perhaps the most important and pervasive principle of computer design is to make the common case fast: In making a design trade-off, favor the frequent case over the infrequent case. 计算机设计的最重要的原则就是：加快经常性发生事件的执行速度。 Make the Common Case Fast Improving the frequent event, rather than the rare event, will obviously help performance. Overflow case and no overflow case in addition 提高频繁事件的执行速度，而不是提高罕见事件的执行速度，将带来明显的性能上的提高 例如加法运算中的溢出和非溢出情况 Amdahl’s Law 1 Amdahl’s Law states that the performance improvement to be gained from using some faster mode of execution is limited by the fraction of the time the faster mode can be used. 阿姆达定律表明：通过改进某模式得到的整体性能提高，受限于该改进模式所占的运行时间比例。 Amdahl’s Law 2 Speedup （加速比） = Performance for entire task using the enhancement when possible（改进后完成整个任务的性能） Performance for entire task w/o using the enhancement （改进前完成整个任务的性能） = Execution time for entire task w/o using the enhancement（改进前完成整个任务的时间） Execution time for entire task using the enhancement when possible （改进前完成整个任务的时间） Amdahl’s Law 3 Execution timenew = Execution timeold x where fE: fraction of enhancement sE: improvement gained by the enhancement mode 即：新的执行时间=  原来执行时间x Amdahl’s Law 3 ? Speedup = 即：加速比＝原来的执行时间/新的执行时间 1 ＝ Amdahl’s Law 4 Example: An enhancement run 10 times faster than the original machine, but it is usable 40% of the time, th