矿用自卸车车厢的力学特征及优化设计研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 随着矿用自卸车的使用迅速增长，使得矿用自卸车车厢的力学特性分析及动态性能研 究成为研究的重点问题。车厢在使用过程中会产生动态疲劳破坏，车厢空载时的振动往往 更加严重，为了研究动态疲劳破坏原因并解决这个问题，本文对空载车厢进行了研究分析。 由于客观原因的限制，实车道路试验的条件并不成熟。因此，应用有限元软件研究矿用自 卸车车厢的力学特性，既可降低生产试验成本，又能获得动态性能，具有重要的理论意义 和应用价值。 本文首先利用 ANSYS 将在 Pro/E 中建立的矿用自卸车车厢模型进行有限元划分，建 立车厢有限元模型，在此基础上对模型进行力学特性分析；随后对车厢进行模态分析，得 到车厢的低阶模态频率以及振型，从模态频率和振型的角度对车厢的动态特性进行分析评 价；根据分析结果对车厢各板件厚度进行低阶灵敏度分析，找到对其灵敏的板件，为尺寸 优化提供依据；最后根据灵敏度分析结果对车厢进行了以不增加其重量为基础，以提高车 厢低阶频率为目的的尺寸优化，改善了车厢的动态性能。 关键词：矿用自卸车；车厢；力学特征：模态分析 ；灵敏度分析；优化设计 - I - Abstract With the mining dump trucks used as a major means of transport, the mechanic characteristic analysis and dynamic performance research of the carriage become issues to be addressed. The carriage may produce dynamic fatigue damage in the course of using, and the vibration of the carriage is often more severe with no load. In order to research the dynamic fatigue failure causes and to solve this problem, this paper carries on the research and analysis on the carriage with no load. Because of the objective reasons restrictions, real vehicles road tests cannot be done. Therefore, this paper uses finite element software to study the mechanical features of the mining dump truck carriage. It not only can reduce the cost of production and experiment, but also can obtain the dynamic performance of the carriage. It has great theoretical significance and application value. In this paper, the carriage model established in Pro/E is divided to finite element model by ANSYS, based on which the mechanical properties of the carriage model are analyzed. Then the low-level mode frequencies and mode shapes are obtained from the modal analysis of the carriage, with which the analysis and evaluation are carried out of the dynamic characteristics of the carriage. According to the modal analysis result of carriage, the sensit