第6讲 省略法.pptVIP

第六讲 理论基础 由于中文和英文存在许多差异，翻译时除了增添词语之外，还要适当省略词语。所谓省略词语是指原文中有些词语在译文不译出来，因为译文中虽无其词但已有其意，或者在译文中是不言而喻的。换言之，省略是删去一些可有可无的，或者有了反而嫌累赘或违背译文语言习惯的词语（张培基等，1980）。准确和简练是翻译的基本要求。汉语是意合语言，尤其讲究简洁顺畅，英译汉时，要舍去原文需要而译文不需要的成分。这种减词十分重要。英汉翻译时每个词都不放过的话，译文的可读性就会收到严重影响。 一、从内容角度省略词语 省略原文中的某些动词 汉语描述句可以直接用形容词、名词、介词、短语或主谓结构作谓语，而英语句子的谓语必须是动词，所以在英译汉时，描述句中的动词有时要省略。例如： This type of typewriter is portable, durable, economical and practical for high school students. 这种打字机携带轻便，经久耐用，经济实惠，适合高中生使用。 These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. 这些发展中国家土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。 省略原文的解释性词语 有时英语文本对某个意义使用两个或两个以上的词语表示，而在对应的中文中只有一个，这时只能省略一个。英语有对偶同义词，通常也采用省略法处理。例如： Burning or combustion is the process of uniting a fuel or combustible with the oxygen in the air. 燃烧就是将燃料和空气中的氧气混合过程。 Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason. 双方均不得无故解除合同。 省略原文必要但译文不必要的实词 University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not. 申请上大学时，有工作经验者优先录取。 He shouldn’t have taken advantage of her sexually. 他本不应该占她的便宜。 Small islands have played a disproportionately large role in the thinking of evolutionary biologists. 岛屿虽小，但在影响进化论生物学思维的过程中起到的作用却非常大。 根据汉语表达习惯省略原文中的某些词语 Their respective destinies are becoming increasingly interdependent. 他们的命运日益休戚相关。 He had held out his arms, but they had fallen again to his sides; for she had not come forward, standing still in the opening of the doorway. 他已伸出了双臂，却又只好垂了下来，因为她还站在门口，没有走上前来。 So Mr. Osborne, having a firm conviction in his mind that he was a woman-killer and destined to conquer… 奥斯本先生自信是风月场上的能手，注定要征服那些小姐太太们…… 省略原文中过于详细的细节 She curtseyed again, and would have blushed deeper, if she could have blushed deeper than she had blushed all the time. 她又行了一个屈膝礼，她的脸一直涨得绯红，所以不可能涨得更红了。 I felt a trifle shy at the thought of presenting myself to a total stranger with the announcement that I was going to sleep under his roof, eat his food and drink his whisky, till another boat came in to take m