直接引语转换间接引语.docVIP

直接引语和间接引语 一、 间接引语的概念和变化规律 1、间接引语是用自己的话去转述别人的话。 引用或转述别人说的话时，采用两种形式：一是一字不改地将别人的话加以引用，这叫直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，这叫间接引语。一般来讲，直接引语须放在引号内，间接引语不必用引号，而且多用宾语从句的形式表达。例如： She said, “I was ill yesterday.” →She said that she had been ill the day before. 由以上例句可以看出，直接引语变为间接引语时，不仅把直接引语变为宾语从句，增加连词that，而且还需相应地改变代词、动词和状语。如I 变成了she，was变成had been，yesterday变成the day before。 2、直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人的立场作相应变动。 人称代词的变动情况要根据语境及转述人的不同作相应变化，一般情况下，与汉语中的变化相同。可记住一个口诀：“一主、二宾、三不变”。即第一人称按照主句中的主语变化，第二人称按照主句中的宾语变化，第三人称一般不需要变化。例如： 1) He said, “I am glad to see you.” →He said that he was glad to see me. 2) “Do you know the man over there?” Mary said to Tom. →Mary asked Tom if he knew the man over there. 3) Jim said to me, “Jane left her schoolbag at home.” →Jim told me that Jane had left her schoolbag at home. 3、间接引语中动词时态的变化。 1）当引述的动词为现在时形式时，间接引语中的动词时态不变。例如： Tom says, “Our teacher is kind to us.” →Tom says that their teacher is kind to them. 2）当引述的动词为过去时形式时，间接引语中的动词作如下变更： 一般现在时→一般过去时 过去进行时→不变 一般过去时→过去完成时 将来进行时→过去将来进行时 一般将来时→过去将来时 现在完成时→过去完成时 现在进行时→过去进行时 过去完成时→不变 He said, “I will leave for Beijing tomorrow.” →He said that he would leave for Beijing the next day. 如果所转述的内容表示客观真理或有表示某一绝对具体的过去时间作状语，间接引语中动词的时态不变。例如： The teacher said, “The earth is round.” →The teacher said that the earth is round. He said, “I was born in 1980.” →He said that he was born in 1980. 4、直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和表示“方向”动词的变化。 this → that, these → those; now → then, today → that day, tomorrow → the next (following) day, next week → the next week, yesterday → the day before, last night → the night before, ago → before; here → there; come → go. 如果在当地转述， here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为 go； 如果在当天转述，yesterday，tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。例如： Kate said, “I will come here tomorrow to help these children with their English.” →Kate said that she would go there the next day to help those children with their English.（不是在当天当地转述） →Kate said that she will come here tomorrow to help these children with their English.（在当天当地转述） 二、当直接引语是陈述句时 直接引语是陈述句时，间接引语用that引导，但在口语中that