言语行为理论、合作原则.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * Session 12Speech Act Theory andPrinciple of Conversation Readings: Dai, Weidong, et al. A New Concise Course on Linguistics for Students of English. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2002. 6.2 Speech act theory 87-91. 6.3 Principle of conversation 92-94. Hu, Zhuanglin, et al. Linguistics: A Course Book. 3rd ed. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2006. 8.2 The theory of conversational implicature 252-262. 8.3 Post-Grician developments 262-279. * Objectives (教学目的): To draw your attention to speech acts and speech act theory. To facilitate you to understand the classification of speech acts. To help you use the cooperative principle to analyze both spoken and written discourse. * Study focus and key issue (重点与难点) 1. Study focus The speech act theory The cooperative principle 2. Key issue How to understand the implied meaning of a speech or text with the help of the cooperative principle? * 1. What is speech act theory? (Dai et al. 87-88; Henderson and Brown ◆) Speech act theory is a theory of language based on J. L. Austin’s How to Do Things with Words. Its basic view is that language is as much a mode of action as it is a means of conveying information. As John Searle puts it, all linguistic communication involves linguistic acts. Linguistic communication is the production of the sentence in the performance of a speech act. The basic emphasis of speech act theory is on what an utterer (U) means by his utterance (x) rather than what x means in a language (L). * 1a. What is speech act theory? (Dai et al. 87; Baker and Mcenery ◆) Speech act theory is a framework for studying all acts of communication. Speech acts concern locutions and the illocutionary force behind locutions. Our aim in communication is to realise the force of a locution - whether the addressee is to take the utterance as an assertion, a question or a command. Example: A baby screams (this is a lo