三峡库区垂向二维水动力模型及水动力特征分析 1.docVIP

  三峡库区垂向二维水动力模型及水动力特 征分析# 马超，姚烨* 5 10 （天津大学水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室，天津 300072） 摘要：三峡水库蓄水运行后，库区水位升高，流速降低，水动力特征发生重大变化，致使近 坝支流库湾多次暴发大面积水华。探明三峡库区蓄水后干流及近坝支流水动力特征，能够为 通过调度方式改善库区水动力条件进而抑制水华提供有力的理论依据。以长江干流和香溪河 为例，结合实测数据，构建了三峡干流-香溪河垂向二维水动力模型。经过参数率定，模型 能够较好地反映三峡库区水动力特性和水温分布规律。详细分析率定工况，结果表明：三峡 干流以温差分层流形式潜入香溪河，干支流之间的水体交换掺混规律，受地形条件、水表面 风作用、出流位置、干支流水温差等因素的综合影响。 关键词：水动力；垂向二维模型；数值模拟；水体交换掺混；三峡库区；香溪河 中图分类号：TK241 15 A vertical two-dimensional hydrodynamic model and analysis of hydrodynamic characteristics for Three Gorges Reservoir Ma Chao, Yao Ye 20 25 30 (State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety,Tianjin University, TianJin 300072) Abstract: After the impoundment of the Three Gorges reservoir, hydrodynamic characteristics of river change dramatically with higher reservoir level and much lower water velocity. It leads to large scale water blooms in river bays of near-dam tributaries. To explore the hydrodynamic characteristics of the mainstream and tributaries will provide a theoretical foundation to improve the hydrodynamic conditions to reduce water blooms by dispatch solutions. So, a vertical two-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Yangtze River and Xiangxi River based on CE-QUAL-W2 is developed with measured data. The model is calibrated and can reflect the real hydrodynamic conditions and water temperature distribution well. Detailed analysis based on the calibration scenario indicates that the mainstream water plunges into Xiangxi River in the form of thermal stratified flow. And the water exchange is influenced by topographic condition, wind shear stress at water surface, discharge type and water temperature difference comprehensively. Keywords: hydrodynamics; vertical two-dimensional model; numerical simulation; water exchange; Three Gorges Reservoir; Xiangxi River 35 0 引言 三峡水库蓄水运行显著改变了流域水文径流过程和原天然河流水动力特性，库区水深和 过流面积大幅度增加，水体流速及紊动强度急剧降低，近坝支流回水区和库湾甚至出现水体 停滞现象，支流水体富营养化和水华几率增加，如香溪河、大宁河等。基于“调控水动力条 40 件进而改善库区水环境”的思路，众多学者采取实测数据分析、室内试验和数模分析等技术 手段，开展了水库水动力和水质