DMA直接内存存取(国外英语资料).doc

DMA直接内存存取(国外英语资料) 1 the DMA principle 2 DMA requests 3 the DMA response 4 DMA transfers 5 the DMA end an 1 the DMA principle The DMA (Direct Memory Access, Direct Memory Access) is all of the important characteristics of modern computer, it allows different speed of hardware devices to communicate, without the need to subject to the load of CPU interrupt. Otherwise, the CPU needs to copy each fragment from the source to the staging, and then write it back to the new place. During this time, the CPU is not available for other jobs. DMA transfer copies data from one address space to another. When the CPU initializes the transfer action, the transfer action itself is performed and completed by the DMA controller. A typical example is moving an external memory block to a faster memory area inside the chip. Such operations do not delay the processor, but can be rescheduled to handle other tasks. DMA transfers are important for efficient embedded system algorithms and networks. When the DMA transfer is implemented, it is the DMA controller directly over the bus, so there is a bus control transfer problem. Before DMA transfers, the CPU has to hand over the bus control to the DMA controller, and after the DMA transfer, the DMA controller should immediately return the bus control back to the CPU. A full DMA transfer process for DMA must go through the following four steps. 2 DMA requests The CPU initializes the DMA controller and gives an operation command to the I/O interface, which presents a DMA request. 3 the DMA response The DMA controller prioritizes and blocks DMA requests, and makes a bus request to the bus decision logic. The bus control can be released when the CPU executes the current bus cycle. At this point, the bus decision logic outputs the bus response, indicating that the DMA has responded by notifying the I/O interface to start the DMA transfer via the DMA controller. 4 DMA transfers After the DMA controller to take control of the bus, the CPU instantly ha