高血压标准的体格检查(外国英语资料).docVIP

高血压标准的体格检查(国外英文资料) Physical examination of hypertension standard A careful physical examination is helpful to find the clues of secondary hypertension and target organ damage, physical examination including: the correct measurement of blood pressure and heart rate, when necessary, determination of orthostatic blood pressure and limbs blood pressure; body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and hip circumference; observe whether Cushing face, skin spots, neurofibroma hyperthyroid exophthalmos or lower extremity edema; auscultation of carotid artery and thoracic aorta, abdominal artery and femoral artery without noise; thyroid palpation; comprehensive cardiopulmonary examination; examination of the abdomen with enlarged kidneys (ADPKD) or mass, check the limbs artery pulsatility and neurological signs. Blood pressure measurement: Blood pressure measurements are the primary means of assessing blood pressure levels, diagnosing hypertension, and observing antihypertensive efficacy. Consulting room blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure and family blood pressure were three main methods. Consulting room blood pressure is measured by the doctors and nurses in the consulting room according to the unified standard. It is a common method to evaluate the blood pressure level and to diagnose and classify hypertension. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is usually made of automatic blood pressure measurement instrument, measuring more times, without measurement error, can avoid the white coat effect, and can measure the blood pressure during sleep, can accurately measure blood pressure, but also can evaluate short-term variability and circadian rhythm of blood pressure. Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is usually done by the person who is being measured, also known as home blood pressure. The white coat effect can be avoided because measurements are conducted in familiar home environments. Family blood pressure monitoring can also be used to assess long-term v