定语从句3Book1U3语法.docVIP

定语从句（三） 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句起补充附带说明的作用，缺少它也不会影响全句的理解，译为汉语时常常不译作定语，而根据句意翻译为相应的其他形式的从句。它与主语的关系不像限定性定语从句的关系那样密切。在非限定性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如果把非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，其前后都要用逗号与主句隔开。 1. 引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词如下表所示： 指代对象 指代人 指代物 主格 who 宾语 whom which, as 所有格 whom, of whom, whose which, of which, whose 注意：①关系代词that不能引导非限定性定语从句。 ②引导非限定性定语从句的关系副词主要有when, where。不可用why。 2. 运用非限定性定语从句的情况： （1）关系代词指代整个主句内容 e.g. Our new house has a lovely garden, which makes us very happy. （2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.’ve made many mistakes, most of which were due to your carelessness, 3. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别： 类别 语法意义及特征 例句 限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。 The accident happened at the time when I left. 非限制性定语从句　 对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。 His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago. 非限制性定语从句主要在以下方面不同于限制性定语从句： ⑴ 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，它不是对先行词进行修饰或确定只是对先行作些附加的说明 ⑵ 非限制性定语主句的意思仍然清楚 ⑶ 从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开翻译时 ⑷ 与限制性定语从句关系代词whowhom, whose, as和关系副词when, where, why 例如： We will fly to Xi’an first, where we plan to stay for a couple of days. 我们将先飞往西安，在那里我们打算停留两天。 My wife, who is a doctor, is working abroad this year. 我的妻子是位医生，她今年在国外工作。 As is known to all, ice is water in its solid state. 众所周知，冰是水的固态。 ㈢ 非限制性定语从句 ⑴ 在which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词可以是一个名词或代词，也可以是句子的一部分，甚至整个句子。 例如： My new car, which I paid several thousand dollars for, isn’t running well. 先行词是car He said that he had never seen her before, which was not true. 先行词是he had never seen her before ⑵ which和as引导的非限制性定语从句比较 which和as都可引导非限制性定语从句，并且先行词都可以是一句句子，但which通常指代上文提到的情况，而as则可以指代上文或下文。 as 在这类句子中经常有“正如”的意思。另外，as还经常与such, the same 等连用。（见第一讲中as 引导的定语从句） 例如： He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like. As we expected, he gave a wonderful performance. Mike is late, as is often the case. I never heard such stories as he told. She knew he felt just the same as she did. ⑶ 在从句中作宾语的关系代词which, who, whom一般不省略。 例如： Je