常见的修辞格翻译5.ppt

常见的修辞格翻译 一、比喻（figure of speech） 比喻无处不在，为各语言文化共有。比喻有四个要素：本体（tenor），喻体（vehicle），比喻词（comparative word）及相似点（point of resemblance）。这里主要谈谈明喻（simile）和暗喻（metaphor）的翻译。 英汉语明喻标记比较明显，一般需出现比喻词，汉语如像、如、仿佛、似等，英语如like，as，as if/though等。 英语的隐喻大致分三类：1.A is B；2.N1 of N2；3.只出现本体。 All the world’s a stage, and all men and women merely players. 整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。 With this faith we will be able to hoe out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. 抱有这个信念，我们就能从绝望之山凿出希望之石。抱有这个信念，我们就能把我们这个民族中那些刺耳的噪音变成一部歌颂手足之情的美妙交响曲。 She has a photographic memory for detail. 她对细节有照相机般的记忆力。 （把her memory比作camera，但喻体camera没有出现。） 汉语暗喻大致也有三种，1.判断结构“甲是乙”；2.本体和喻体同时出现，但无判断词；3.状语加中心词（偏正式的结构） 薛蟠也假说来上学，不过是“三天打渔，两天晒网”……也不曾有一点儿进益。（《红楼梦》） Xue Pan had hastened to register himself as a pupil. His school-going was, needless to say, a pretence – “One day to fish and two days to dry the net” as they say – and had nothing to do with the advancement of learning. （杨宪益，戴乃迭） 潭西南而望，斗折蛇行，明灭可见。（柳宗元《小石潭记》） Viewed from the southwest, the pond sometimes zigzags like the shining Big Dipper and sometimes winds gloomily like a long creeping snake. 她们一窝蜂地挤拢来，每人盛一碗，就四散地蹲伏或者站立在路上和门口吃。（夏衍《包身工》） They crowded strenuously around like a swarm of bees, each ladling out a bowl of meagre porridge, and then scattered, having their meal by crouching or standing at the pathway or the doorway. 比喻的翻译方法主要有：直译、直译加注、转换、意译等。明喻一般直译；暗喻中英汉语共有的“A是B”结构比较适合直译；带有文化内涵的习语型比喻常直译加注；不适合直译的暗喻可考虑转换为明喻，或者改变喻体；放弃比喻修辞，翻译意义。 何等动人的一页一页！这是人类思维的花朵。（徐迟《哥德巴赫猜想》） What inspiring chapters! They are the flowers of the human brainwork. Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. (William B. Yeats) 教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。 “难道这也是个痴丫头，也像颦儿来葬花不成？”因又暗自笑道：“若真是葬花，可谓‘东施效颦’了，不但不为新奇，而且更为可厌。”（《红楼梦》） “Can this be another absurd maid coming to bury flowers like Daiyu?”he wondered in some amusement. “If so, she’s Tun Shih imitating His Shih, which is not