数据通信及网络.ppt

Data Communications 传输媒体 4. Transmission Media Overview Characteristics and quality of a data communica-tion 数据通信的特性与质量 determined by medium and signal 由媒体和信号确定 For guided the medium is more important 媒体本身更重要 For unguided the bandwidth of the signal produced by the antenna is more important 天线产生的信号带宽更重要 Key concerns data rate and distance 数据率、距离 Design Factors Bandwidth 带宽 Higher bandwidth gives higher data rate Transmission impairments 传输损伤 Attenuation, etc. Interference 干扰 Intermodulation noise Crosstalk Number of receivers 接收器数目 In guided media More receivers (multi-point) introduce more attenuation Electromagnetic Spectrum Guided Transmission Media Twisted Pair Coaxial cable Optical fiber 典型的美国线规(AWG)特性 Twisted Pair Physical Structure Applications Pros and cons UTP and STP UTP Categories Transmission Characteristics Media Specifications UTP Practice Twisted Pair - Twist Length Twisted Pair - Applications Most common medium Telephone network Between house and local exchange (subscriber loop) Within buildings To private branch exchange (PBX) For local area networks (LAN) 10Mbps or 100Mbps Twisted Pair - Pros and Cons Cheap Easy to work with Low data rate Short range Unshielded and Shielded TP Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ordinary telephone wire Cheapest Easiest to install Suffers from external EM interference Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Metal braid or sheathing that reduces interference More expensive Harder to handle (thick, heavy) Physical UTP STP Physical Structure Physical STP UTP Categories Cat 3 up to 16MHz Voice grade found in most offices Twist length of 7.5 cm to 10 cm Cat 4 up to 20 MHz Cat 5 up to 100MHz Commonly pre-installed in new office buildings Twist length 0.6 cm to 0.85 cm UTP电缆的分类（EIA/TIA-568标准中定义了前五类） Twisted Pair - Transmission Characteristics Analog transmission Amplifiers every 5km to 6km Limited bandwidth (1MHz) for point-to-point signaling Digital transmission Use either analo