动词不定式.ppt

Unit 1 Grammar 动词不定式 一 动词不定式 动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等,但不能作谓语。 She came here to study English. 一.不定式作主语 To see one time is better than to hear a hundred times. To catch the 5:00 bus early in the morning is not a good idea. 注①：在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置： It’s a great pleasure to be here. It is not an easy thing to master a language. 注②：这种后置不定式的结构也适用于某些谓语动词不是系动词的句子，如： It took us five hours to get there. It made us very angry to hear him talk like that. 1. It + be + 形容词+主语从句，如：It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.2. It + be + 名词词组 + 主语从句，这类名词有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour，a question等，如：It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match. 3. It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句，这类过去分词有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等， 如：It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake. 4. It + 不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等) + 主语从句, 这类不及物动词有：appear, happen, seem等， 如：It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth. 5. It + be + 形容词 + of sb. + 动词不定式，这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，如：kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如：It’s very kind of you to help me with the work.=You are kind to help me. 6. It + takes/took ( sb. )+ 时间（金钱）+ 动词不定式，如：It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot. 注③：不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由“ for + 名词词组” 来表示，如： It is not hard for one to do a bit of good. It was difficult for me to do the work. 注④：某些形容词在上述结构中作表语时，常在不定式之前加上 “of + 名词词组” 来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况，如： It’s kind of you to think so much of us. It was careless of her to make such a mistake. 注意5： 不定式，动名词都可作主语，但动名词作主语多指抽象的，概念性的动作，可以是多次的，经常的行为。不定式多表示具体的动作，尤其是某一次的动作。 eg.Playing with fire is dangerous. To play with fire will be dangerous. 1.Its our duty _________ (clean) the room every day. 2. Its hard