QWVF云凝物辐散.pptVIP

Ratios of RMS differences between perturbation experiments and control experiment to standard deviations of water vapor tendency (QWVT) in (a) and (e), water vapor convergence (QWVF) in (b) and (f), surface evaporation (QWVE) in (c) and (g), and cloud source/sink (QCM) in (d) and (h) as functions of time and spatial scales for average of data when solar calculations are perturbed in the lower troposphere in WF (left) and SF (right). Ratios of larger than 1 are shaded. * Ratios of RMS differences between perturbation experiments and control experiment to standard deviations of water vapor sink (Sqv) in (a) and (c) and vapor condensation (PCND) in (b) and (d) as functions of time and spatial scales for average of data when solar calculations are perturbed in the lower troposphere in WF (left) and SF (right). Ratios of larger than 1 are shaded. * RMS differences (left) and standard deviations (right) in PCND (mm h-1) between perturbation experiments as functions of time and spatial scales for average of data when solar calculations are perturbed in the lower troposphere in WF (a, c) and SF (b, d). RMS differences and standard deviations of larger than 1 mm h-1 are shaded. * TFM TFm tFm TfM tfM Tfm tFM Mean FC 0.129 0.770 1.712 3.949 0.652 1.189 2.765 11.166 PS 0.036 0.064 0.051 0.111 0.011 0.018 0.069 0.361 QWVT 0.010 0.063 -0.208 0.511 -0.011 0.152 -0.285 0.042 QWVF 0.012 0.118 0.409 -0.595 -0.014 -0.099 0.258 0.120 QWVE 0.000 0.003 0.005 0.011 0.002 0.003 0.007 0.200 QCM 0.014 -0.120 -0.156 0.184 0.034 -0.038 0.089 -0.001 RI 27.814 8.273 2.986 2.822 1.683 1.523 2.511 3.233 PE 100 34.8 12.3 15.7 30.6 11.6 19.5 C-S 对流 对流 对流 层状 层状 层状 层状 FC=Fractional rainfall coverage (%); 雨滴收支 (mm h-1); RI=雨强 (PS/FC); PE=降水有效率 (%) =PS/rain source in rainfall budget x100(%); C=对流, S=层状. % Mean data: F: 86.6%, f:13.4%; Grid data: F: 61.0%, f: 39.0% F:water vapor convergence f: water vapor divergence Shen et al. (2009, AR; 2010, JGR) CONTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL IN EACH MEAN RAINF