深圳电大 22被动态.pptVIP

Unit 22 Passive voice Aims Understand and use the passive voice in present, past, perfect and future tenses. Understand and use the passive voice with modal verbs. Understand and use the special passive construction to have/ get something done 1)主动语态(active voice): 主语是动作的执行者。 2)被动语态(passive voice): 主语是动作的承受者。 Many people speak English. English is spoken by many people. 构成 肯定句：主语 + be + 过去分词(p.p.) + by +施动者. 否定句：主语 + be not + 过去分词(p.p.) + by +施动者. The town was destroyed by an earthquake. An earthquake destroyed the town. 一般疑问句：Be +主语 +过去分词(p.p.) + by +施动者？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + Be +主语 +过去分词(p.p.) + by +施动者？ 被动语态的十种时态 (give) 主动语态如何转换成被动语态 将主动语态转换成被动语态有3点要求: 1.将主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语. 2.将谓语改成被动式:be+过去分词 3. 原句的主语用by引出来,放在谓语后边.如果不需要,可以省略. 见下表: 注意: 1.对待有双宾语的主动句,可以将任何一个宾语移至到前面做主语,另一个宾语留在原位. 主动句:Father gave me a watch. 被动句: I was given a watch by father. A watch was given (to) me by my father. 2. 在带宾补的主动句变成被动句时,宾补的位置不动,这时的宾补其实是补充说明主语的主语补足语了.例如: 主动句: We elected John monitor. 被动句: John was elected monitor by us. 特别注意: 若句中含有不带to的不定式做宾语补足语,变成被动句时必须把不定式符号to加上. 主动句: His father made him work hard. 被动句: He was made to work hard by his father. 被动语态的三种类型 被动语态有三种类型: 由be+及物动词ed构成 is praised 被表扬 由be+短语动词构成 are looked for 被寻找 由情态动词+be+过去分词构成 must be praised 1. 由及物动词构成的被动语态 The lost book was found the next morning. 2. 由短语动词构成的被动语态,常见类型有 A.不及物动词+介词 look for寻找, look after照看 The key was looked for everywhere. B. 不及物动词+副词+介词 look down upon 瞧不起 look up at尊敬 do away with除掉 put up with忍受 Eg. Women were looked down upon by society at that time. C. 及物动词+副词 mix up混合 sell out卖出 cut off切断 shake up摇匀 put off推迟 cut down减少 Eg. The shirts of large sizes are sold out. D. 及物动词+名词+介词 take care of照顾 catch sight of看见 Eg. Both the young and the old are taken care of by the government. 3. 由情态动词+be+过去分词构成的被动语态 Your English must be improved. She may have been sent to work elsewhere. The door must have been locked by my wife. 不用于被动语态的情形 1.不及物