第4章_数据库系统_第2节_Data Model.ppt

Section 2 Data Model 2.1 Data Model 2.2 Entity-Relationship Model Entity set, relationship set, attribute, mapping cardinality, key, E-R diagram 2.3 Relational Model Relation, tuple, attribute, relation schema, relation instance, key, schema diagram, relational database 2.4 Hierarchical Model Network Model 2.1 Data Models Data Models A collection of tools for logically describing data data relationships data properties data constraints Conceptual data model Entity-Relationship model Structured data model Relational model Older models: network model and hierarchical model Newer models: object-based model, semi-structured data models 2.2 Entity-Relationship Model(实体-联系模型) Entity-Relationship Model E-R model of real world Entities (objects) E.g. customers, accounts, bank branch Relationships between entities E.g. Account A-101 is held by customer Johnson Relationship set depositor associates customers with accounts Widely used for database design Database design in E-R model is usually converted to design in the relational model (coming up next) which is used for storage and processing Entity Sets(实体集) A database can be modeled as: a collection of entities, relationship among entities. An entity is an object that exists and is distinguishable from other objects. Example: specific person, company, event, plant Entities have attributes(属性) Example: people have names and addresses An entity set is a set of entities of the same type that share the same properties. Example: set of all persons, companies, trees, holidays Entity Sets customer and loan Attributes(属性) An entity is represented by a set of attributes, which are descriptive properties possessed by all members of an entity set. Domain(域) – the set of permitted values for each attribute. Relationship Sets A relationship is an association among several entities. Example: Hayes depositor A-102 customer entity relationship account entity A relationsh