LectureThree主旨题的特点和应试对策（I）.docVIP

Lecture Three 主旨题的特点和应试对策(I) 主旨，即主要内容 (main idea), 也就是我们通常所说的中心思想。抓住所读材料的主旨大意是阅读理解要求考生掌握的一项重要内容。这类考题主要考察考生对阅读材料进行归纳，综合和分析的能力，要求考生在阅读中抓住主要思想，把握文章的中心思想或段落大意。主旨题一般涉及文章的中心思想 (main idea), 主题句 (topic sentence), 标题 (title) 以及作者的写作意图等。 主旨是文章的“纲”，文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主要意思展开的。主题句加上细节及事实构成每一个段落。把每一个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括全文的中心思想： Paragraph 1 = topic sentence 1 + supporting sentences Main idea (whole passage) Paragraph 2 = topic sentence 2 + supporting sentences Conclusion 文章的主旨有直陈式和暗含式之分。直陈式的主旨可以直接从阅读材料中找出；而暗含式的主旨是隐含在文中没有直接说明的，需要考生从文中提供的各种信息中分析推理才能得出。解答主旨题常用的方法阅读方法是略读(skimming)，即通过快速浏览抓住各个段落的主题句，然后综合出文章的中心思想。 应试对策 如何确定文章的主题句? 主题句在篇首 这种结构通常用演绎法撰写，遵循从一般到个别的步骤，即先概述，然后用细节加以阐述： The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be a terrorist with a gun, but the man with the portable computer in business class. In the last 15 years, pilots have reported well over 100 incidents that could have been caused by electromagnetic interference. The source of this interference remains unconfirmed, but increasingly, experts are pointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as portable computers, radio and cassette players and mobile telephones. RTCA, an organization which advises the aviation（航空）industry, has recommended that all airlines ban（禁止）such devices from being used during “critical” stages of flight, particularly take-off and landing. Some experts have gone further, calling for a total ban during all flights. Currently, rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines. And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using such equipment during take-off and landing, most are reluctant to enforce a total ban, given that many passengers want too work during flights. The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields might affect an aircraft’s computer. Experts know that portable devices emit radiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication. But, because they have not been able to reproduce these effects in a laborator