语言与文化(1).pptVIP

Teamwork 组员： Characteristics and functions of language Characteristics of language Functions of language Characteristics of language Symbolic: stands in place of “reality” Rule-governed: regulated by its own rules Subjective: meaning reside in people, depend on cultural experience Dynamic: has its own life circle, undergo changes and variations Functions of language Communicative functions(macro) Other functions(micro) Communicative functions(macro) To preserve culture and transmit it to new generations To establish and preserve community with shared identity To create or reinforce boundaries of society, social stratification, and differential power relationships between groups. Other functions(micro) Conversation Expression of affect Thinking Control of reality Keeping of history Socialization and enculturation Expression of identity My Critiques Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. Specific functions in daily life (chat, think, read, write…) But in terms of the more generalized functions language can perform in human communication. Functional linguists have summarized these practical functions. Critiques 1. phatic function（问候功能） 2. informative function（信息功能） 3. interrogative function（询问功能） 4. expressive function（表达功能） 5. evocative function（感染功能） 6. directive function（指令功能） 7. performative function（行使功能） Three Basic generalized functions Informative language function: essentially means the communication of information. This function is used to describe the world or reason about it (whether a state of affairs is true or false). Expressive language function： reports feelings or attitudes of the writer (or speaker), or evokes feelings in the reader (or listener). Example: poetry. Two main aspects are generally noted:1)to evoke certain feelings and; 2) to express feelings. Directive language function： language used for the purpose of causing (or preve