语法：定语从句整理和练习.docVIP

高三英语语法复习纲要 语法入门——英语的句子成分 d) remain, keep, stay 3. 了解主、谓、宾三个句子成分之间的关系是理解被动概念的关键。 定语从句复习纲要 【基本概念】 定语是修饰名词或代词的句子成分；用一个完整的句子充当定语称为定语从句。所谓“完整的句子”的基本条件是必须具有主语和谓语。 定语从句位于它所修饰的名词、代词之后。 【专用术语】 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。 关系代词：which ；that ； who ； whom ；whose 关系副词：when ； where ； why 【关键知识】 关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的语法作用： 1．代表先行词的意思。定语从句修饰哪个词，关系代词或关系副词就是那个词的意思。 2．在定语从句中充当句子成分。关系代词which、that、who在定语从句中可充当主语或宾语，whom 只能充当宾语，whose 充当定语；关系副词when 在定语从句中充当时间状语，where充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。 例1： With the pay that he received and saved, he went on with his studies at university. 关系代词that代表先行词pay的意思，并在定语从句中充当received和saved的宾语。如果我们只看定语从句，其实就是he received and saved the pay,只是宾语the pay由关系代词that代替而已。By 1919,scientists who had been watching the stars supported his work and he quickly became world-famous. 关系代词who代表先行词scientists的意思，在定语从句中充当句子的主语。应该能够看出，定语从句实际是scientists had been watching the stars,主语scientist由关系代词who所代表。 例3： The student whose globe I borrowed did not come to school today. whose在定语从句中充当globe的定语, whose的实际意思等于“the student’s”或“his”。whose globe在定语从句中作borrowed的宾语，修饰the student的定语从句为I borrowed the student’s globe。 例4： The train had divided in the station where it had stopped. 关系副词where在代表先行词的意思时等于“at the station”或“there”。如果只看定语从句，则是it had stopped at the station，显而易见at the station 是从句的地点状语，所以where 被称为关系副词。 例5： I can remember the time when it was difficult to make international phone calls. 关系副词when 的实际意思是“at that time”或“then”,定语从句为it was difficult to make international calls at that time(then)，when所代表的at that time(then)在定语从句中作时间状语。 从例4、例5中我们可以看出，关系副词where、 when由于在定语从句中充当时间或地点状语，因此我们在理解它们代表先行词的含义时，应当加入一个与其意思相配合的介词。 【相关知识及其运用】 系代词which 和that 的区别 关系代词which只能指代“事、物”，不能指代“人”；that既能指代“人”，也能指代“事、物”。 下列情况只能用which,不能用 that： ①在非限制性定语从句中只能用which。 A satellite is an object, either natural or man-made, which travels in an orbit round another object in space. Which引起的是非限制性定语从句，只对先行词object做补充说明，没有限定先行词词义范围的作用。在书写形式上，非限制性定语从句和先行词之间用逗号隔开。 ②关系代词充当介词的宾语，尤其是当介词前置到先行词之后时，只能用which。 There is