2013年中石油职称英语第18课教案.doc

18. The Principles of International Trade国际贸易原理 1. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. There are several reasons why international trade exists（存在）. 国际贸易是一个国家所生产的商品和服务和另一个国家所生产的商品和服务之间的交换。这样做的原因是多方面的。 2. The distribution（分配；分布） of natural resources around the world is somewhat haphazard: 世界自然资源的分布是带有随意性的。some nations possess natural deposits in excess of（超出） their own requirements while other nations have none. 有些国家所拥有的天然资源超过了本身的需要，而别的国家则没有。For example, Britain has large reserves of coal but lacks（缺少） many minerals such as nickel, copper, aluminum, etc., 例如，英国煤的储藏量很丰富，但是很多矿藏，如镍、铜和铝等都很缺乏； whereas the Arab states have vast oil deposits but little else. 阿拉伯国家拥有巨大的石油矿藏，但是其他资源则很少。In the cultivation（栽培，种植） of natural products climate plays a decisive（决定性的；果断的） role. 在天然作物的培育（？）过程中，气候起到决定性的作用。Some products will only grow in tropical climates whereas others, such as citrus fruits, require a Mediterranean climate. 有一些作物只适宜在热带气候的条件下生长，而像柑桔类的水果等其他作物则需要地中海型的气候。Moreover, some nations are unable to produce sufficient（足够的） quantities of a particular（某一；特别的） product to satisfy a large home demand. For example, Britain does not produce enough wheat to meet the needs of its population. 此外，有些国家的某个产品的生产不能满足国内的巨大需求，例如英国的小麦就是这样。These are the reasons why international trade first began.这些就是国际贸易开始出现的原因。 3. With the development of manufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive（刺激；鼓励） for nations to exchange their products. 随着制造业和技术的发展，出现了新的因素促使国家之间进行产品交换。It was found that it made economic sense for a nation to specialize（专门从事） in certain activities and produce those goods for which it had the most advantages（优势；长处）, and to exchange those goods for the products of other nations which had advantages in different fields. 人们发现，如果一个国家专门从事一定的生产活动，生产它拥有最大优势的产品，并用这些商品同在其他方面拥有优势的国家所生产的产品进行交换，那在经济上是合算的。This trade is based on the principle of comparative（相比较的） advantage.这种贸易是在