花粉介质在白肋烟杂交制种中的应用.pdfVIP

6 中国烟草科学 Chinese Tobacco Science 2016-10，37 （5 ） 花粉介质在白肋烟杂交制种中的应用 张俊杰，李宗平，徐世平，彭 灏，王文明，郭宇龙 （湖北省烟草科研所，中国烟草白肋烟试验站，武汉430030 ） 摘 要：为降低白肋烟杂交制种成本，最大限度地节约花粉用量，以可溶性淀粉为花粉介质，配制不同比例的介质花粉进行 杂交授粉，考察其对坐果率、蒴果种子粒数、千粒重、种子产量及种子质量的影响，结果表明，当花粉与可溶性淀粉比例为 1:4~5 时，平均坐果率可达81.35%~81.81%，单个蒴果种子粒数2838~2862 粒，千粒重82~89 mg ，种子产量226.29~226.67 kg/hm2 ，种子发芽率93.1%~93.2% 。与纯花粉对照相比各项考核指标无显著差异，并且对杂交制种种子产量与种子质量无明 显影响，是可接受的介质花粉比例，可相对节约80%~83%的花粉量。 关键词：白肋烟；可溶性淀粉；花粉介质；坐果率；发芽率 中图分类号：S572.03 文章编号：1007-5119 （2016 ）05-0006-04 DOI ：10.13496/j.issn.1007-5119.2016.05.002 Application of Pollen Medium in Burley Tobacco Hybrid Seed Production ZHANG Junjie, LI Zongping, XU Shiping, PENG Hao, WANG Wenming, GUO Yulong (Burley Tobacco Experimental Station of CNTC, Tobacco Research institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China) Abstract: In order to reduce cost and save pollen in burley tobacco hybrid seed production, application of soluble starch as pollen medium with different proportions of pollen used in pollination was studied and fruit rate, fruit grain number, thousand-grain weight, seed yield and seed quality were recorded. The results showed that when the pollen and soluble starch ratio was 1:4-5, the average fruit rate was 81.35% to 81.81%, with single capsule seed grain number 2838-2862, thousand-grain weight 82-89 mg, seed production 226.29- 226.67 kg/ha, and seed germination rate 93.1% to 93.2%. Compared with the pure pollen control the appraisal indexes had no significant difference, and seed yield and seed quality were not affected. This is thus an acceptable medium/pollen percentage that could minimize pollen usage, saving 80%-83% of pollens. Keywords: burley tobacco; soluble starch; pollen medium; fruit rate; germination rate 在传统烟草杂交制种过程中，人工授粉是一项 制种效率，降低了烟草制种成本，使父母本种植比 费时、费工的工作。在授粉前，要从父本花药剥出 例由1:3~3.5 降