14科技文本翻译.pptVIP

Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural product can not meet our ever-increasing requirement, or more often, because some physical properties of the synthetic substance have been chosen, and even emphasized, so that it would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied. “The major stylistic factor determining its (passive voice) frequency seems to be related to the distinction between informative and imaginative prose rather than to a difference of subject matter or of spoken and written English. The passive is generally more commonly used in informative than in imaginative writing, notably in the objective, non-personal style of scientific articles and news items.” —— R. Quirk 主动与被动的转化 要制造飞机时，就必需仔细考虑空气阻力的问题。 Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be manufactured. 用机械加工的方法，特别是用磨削方法，可以获得最佳表面光洁度。 Best surface finish is provided by machining methods, especially by grinding.  汉语：无主句或主语省略句 英语：被动语态 大家知道，电子是极为微小的负电荷。 Electrons are known to be minute negative charges of electricity. 人们必须联系世界环境去认识和研究人口控制问题。 The problem of population control has to be recognized and approached in a world environmental context. 汉语：通称或泛称 英文：被动语态 科技文体句法的另一个特点是大量使用复合词，包括复合形容词和复合名词。复合词的使用能简化句子结构，并对被修饰词严格限定和说明。 专门用于汽车大赛的汽车如夏福来(Safari)或蒙特卡洛(Monte Carlo)，从外观上看与从汽车修理厂买来的主要用于普通用途的汽车没什么区别。事实上，它们有区别，参加大赛的汽车是经过特殊方式制造的。首先，它们所采用的部件必须经过严格的测试；其次，选好的部件要经过精心组装，也就是说，参赛的汽车实际上是通过手工制造的。 The rally-used cars like Safari or the Monte Carlo look the same as ordinary garage-bought cars. In fact, they are not the same; they are specially-prepared cars. Firstly, only rigorously-tested components are used. Secondly, the chosen components are put together carefully. In other words, the rally-driven cars are in effect hand-built cars. 复合形容词： 名词+过去分词 副词+过去分词 可替换关系代词引导的定语从句。 英语科技文本中的另一个句法特点是长句的使用。长句的使用可以确保句子信息表达的精确性以及严密的逻辑推导。 The ultimate speed limitation is usually to do with irregularities in c