中考英语被动语态和现在完成时态经典素材.ppt

英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 ( Active Voice) 被动语态 ( Passive Voice) 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 We planted the tree. The tree was planted by us. 一、定义 be + 及物动词的过去分词 有人称，数和时态的变化 二、构成 1. 一般现在时：am / is / are + 过去分词 2. 一般过去时：was / were + 过去分词 3. 一般将来时：will+ be + 过去分词 4. 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + 过去分词 5. 过去进行时：was / were+ being + 过去分词 6. 现在完成时：have / has + been + 过去分词 7. 过去完成时：had + been + 过去分词 8.过去将来时：would+ be+过去分词 9. 含有情态动词：情态动词+ be + 过去分词 歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面 三、各种时态的被动语态 四、用法 1） 不知道动作的执行者是谁 2）没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁 Eg. The house was built in 1950. 这座房子是1950年建的。 Eg. Many trees must be planted every year. 每年必须种许多树。 3） 需要强调或突出动作的承受者（即宾语） ? Eg. Calculator cant be used in the math exam. 计算器不能用于数学考试。 4）动作的发出者不是人 Eg. Many houses were washed away in the flood. 许多房子在洪水中被冲走了。 五、主动语态变被动语态 1. 主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语。 2. 谓语动词变为相应的被动形式即be+过去分词，（注意其人称和数随主语做出变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。） 3. 主动句的主语变为被动句中by的宾语（宾格），如不需要则可省略。 4. 其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。 They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes in the factory. are made them by We speak English. by us. 主语 谓语 宾语 主语 谓语 宾语 主动语态 被动语态 English is spoken People play football all over the world. 2. The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday. 3. Students listen to the kind teacher carefully. Football is played all over the world by people. A story is told by the old man on TV on Sunday. The kind teacher is listened to by students carefully. 把下列的主动句变为被动句。 六、被动语态的特殊情况 1.在主动语态中,使役动词make, let, have等及感官动词see, watch, hear, notice, feel等,其后跟省to的动词不定式(即动词原形),在变为被动语态时,必须加上不定式符号to。 1) The boss made him work 14 hours a day. He was made to work 14 hours a day. 2) I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school. 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可以把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，也可把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，但直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前需加上to或for. He gave me a book yesterday.(=he gave a book to me yesterday.) I was given a book by him yesterday. A book was giv