英语语法——动词的时态3.doc

动词的时态 比较since和forSince 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。　　I have lived here for more than twenty years.　　I have lived here since I was born..　　My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.　 　　Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. 　　I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.　 　　My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.　　　I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。　　 I worked here for more than twenty years. 　　　(我现在已不在这里工作。)　　 I have worked here for many years.　　　 　　　(现在我仍在这里工作。)小窍门：　当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。　　1)　(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years.　　　 = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.　　2)　(错) Harry has got married for six years.　　　 = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.　　显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago.　或 Harry has been married for six years. since的四种用法 1) since +过去一个时间点　(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。　 I have been here since 1989.2) since +一段时间+ ago　 I have been here since five months ago.3) since +从句　　 Great changes have taken place since you left.　 Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here. 4) It is +一段时间+ since从句　 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.延续动词与瞬间动词1) 用于完成时的区别　　延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。　　 He has completed the work.　　他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)　　 Ive known him since then.　　 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)2)　用于till / until从句的差异延续动词用于肯定句，表示做……直到…… 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示到……，才……　　 He didnt come back until ten oclock. 　　　　他到10 点才回来。　　 He slept until ten oclock.　　　　　 　　　　他一直睡到10点。典型例题1. You dont need to describe her. I ___ her several times.　A. had met　B. have met　 C. met　D. meet　 答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。2.---Im sorry to keep you waiting.　---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.A. have been　 B. had been　 C. was　D. will be　 答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。过去完成时 1