专题八 虚 拟 语 气 和情态动词.ppt

虚拟语气的定义 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测、或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。 一 虚拟语气用于条件状从 If I were you, I should study English. If he had time, he would attend the meeting If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed in the examination. If you came/should come tomorrow, we would have the meeting. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 虚拟语气在条件句中应注意的问题 1. 混合时态的虚拟 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据他所在的时间来调整。 If you had worked hard, you would do well now. 虚拟语气在条件句中应注意的问题 2 省略If, 用were, had, should ＋主语 Were I in school again, I would work harder. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 虚拟语气在条件句中应注意的问题 3 用介词短语代替条件状语从句: Without air, there would be no living things. But for your help, I couldn’t have done it. 4含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。 1.I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词) 2.He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.(连词) 3.I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.(连词) 二虚拟语气用于宾语从句中 1虚拟语气在某种欲望的动词command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, advise, recommend, suggest等后面的宾语从句中用should ＋动词原形。 We suggested that we (should) have a meeting. The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days. He demanded that we ( should ) start right away. 需要注意的问题 Suggest 作“建议” 讲时用虚拟语气，而作“暗示” 讲时则用陈述语气。 The pale look on his face suggested that he was ill. Insist作“坚持（要，一定要） ” “坚持（应该）” 讲时，用虚拟语气；作“反复强调” 时，用陈述语气。 Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 2 Wish＋宾语从句表示不能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜…” ，“但愿…” 等 表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用“过去式” ；表示将来不能实现的愿望用“would (could) ＋动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望时用“had＋过去分词”。例如： I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish you could go with us. We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier. 3 Would rather＋宾语从句表示一种主观愿望 I would ra