理解公共政策答案.docxVIP

填空题零基预算 “Zero-based budgeting”（你敢信，这个填空题竟然是他代课上杨老师的那节课，所讲的内容，是公共管理导论里面第九章的内容）The basic idea is that no assumption should be made that future spending is related to past spending, so that the department or agency must justify all its budget each year.美国教育政策 雅思/SAT/GRE P129 SAT For many years critics of modern public education cited declining scores on standardized tests, particularly the scholastic aptitude test(SAT), required by many colleges and universities, as evidence of the failure of the schools to teach basic reading and mathematics skills.美国人武器的权利 P72-74Awell-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.社会保险 P101It was designed to prevent poverty resulting from uncontrollable forces. Social insurance was based on the same notion as private insurance-sharing risks and setting aside money for a rainy day. Social insurance was not to be charity or public assistance; it was to be preventive. It relied on the individual’s compulsory contribution to his or her own protection.移民 P209-211Once in the United States, whether legally or illegally, every person is entitled to due process of law and equal protection of the laws.环境政策前言 P218All human activity produces waste. Environmentalists, the mass media, politicians, and bureaucrats may portray pollution as a “moral evil,” but I fact it is a cost of production. We can no more “stop polluting” than we can halt our natural body functions. As soon as we come to understand that we cannot outlaw pollution and come to see pollution as a cost of human activity, we can begin to devise creative environmental policies.名词解释渐进主义和团体理论（二选一） P17 P19Incrementalism：Policy as Variations on the PastIncrementalism views public policy as a continuation of past government activities with only incremental modifications.渐进主义：政策是过去政策的补充和修正渐进主义把公共政策视作政府过去行为活动的延续，其中伴随着渐进的调整与修正。Group Theory：Policy as Group EquilibriumAn interest group is “a shared-