全)英语语法--非谓语动词.docVIP

英语语法――ing形式（现在分词和动名词） 动词-ing形式的构成： ???动词-ing形式是由动词原形词尾加-ing构成。?动词-ing形式同样有时态和语态变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）： ?形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done ??????否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如：Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait.不知道他的地址，?????? His not coming made all of us angry.?? 他没来使我们大家都很生气。2。动词-ing形式的一般式和完成式：，：???Being a student, he was interested in books.?? 作为一个学生，Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，3. 动词-ing形式的被动式： ???ing形式的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing动作的承受者。根据V-ing动作发生的时间，-ing的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如：The question being discussed is very important.??? 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter.他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。 Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. ?????? 被老师批评以后，??? 注意：need, want, require, deserve, be worth等动词(短语)后，-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如：Your shoes need cleaning.? = Your shoes need to be cleaned.? This book is well worth reading.?? 这本书很值得一看。4.V -ing的语法作用?（为了说明的方便，将动名词和现在分词统一称为形式，但同学们要注意用成分来定义动名词和现在分词）? ?? -ing一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。??? 1)V–ing（）：Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job.?? 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。 Saying is easier than doing.?? 说比做容易。在下面两种结构中，-ing也作主语。①为了保持句子平衡，通常用it作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如：It is no use(good, need, worthwhile) crying over spilt milk.?? Its a waste of time arguing about it.?? 辩论这事是浪费时间。②在There is no结构中，-ing分词。如：There is no joking about such matters.?? There is no holding back the wheel of history.?? 历史车轮不可阻挡 2) V-ing（）：His hobby is collecting stamps.?? 他的爱好是收集邮票。 The problem is quite puzzling.?? 这个问题很令人困惑。?3) V-ing作宾语（动名词）：①–ing作动词宾语。如：I suggest doing it in a different way.??  We enjoy attending Miss Lis class.?? 我们喜欢听李老师的课。 ②V-ing作宾语也可用在复合宾语中作真正的宾语，而用it作形式宾语。如：I don’t think it possible living in such a cold place.???? Do you consider it any good trying again??? 你觉得再试一次会有好处吗？ ③V-ing作介词宾语，经常用在一些短语的后面。如：Im against inviting him to dinne