开辟新航路(国外英文资料).docVIP

开辟新航路 First, open up new routes 1, the background of opening up new routes: (1) economic origin: the development of commodity economy in Western Europe and the rudiment of Capitalism (2) 2, after: A was the first navigator to launch a new route: in 1487, Portuguese Dias discovered Cape of Good Hope. B, direct to Indias Navigator is: Portuguese Da Gama: Western Europe --- Africa, Cape of Good Hope - India ocean ---- India C, crossing the Atlantic, discovered the American continent navigator is Columbo: Western Europe ---- the Atlantic - america, D,years Magellan fleet sailing round the world route: starting from Spain, South America, South America around the Strait, across the Pacific and India ocean, around Africa to europe. 3, influence: break the world isolated from each other, isolated state, strengthened the world connection, the world market appeared embryonic form. Two, colonial expansion and the expansion of the world market 1, known as the sea coachman countries are: Holland; empire refers to the UK. In 2 and seventeenth Century, the European standard capitalist countries were: Holland, the busiest port in the world and the most prosperous commercial center: Amsterdam. In 3 and seventeenth Century, Holland became a colonial empire in the world; 4, Britain became the worlds largest colonial empire through (1) Spanish War: 1588, defeated the Spanish armada. (2) the three Anglo Dutch war: war with Holland, Holland lost sea of colonial hegemony (3) Anglo French War: many wars with France, the signing of the Paris peace treaty. In the middle of eighteenth Century, the colonial hegemony of the world was finally established. 5. Britains first colony in North America was Virginia. 6, a direct cause of the three Anglo Dutch war is that the United Kingdom issued maritime regulations. Three, the industrial revolution (1) the first industrial revolution 1. Start mark: invention and use of Hargreaves Jeanne machine in 1760s; 2. The first industrial revolution b