初级经济师辅导3(国外英文).docVIP

初级经济师辅导资料3(国外英文资料) Disclaimer: this information is collected and processed by the forum economist division /forum-186-1.html. Please quote from More economist exam information, exam simulation questions, everyone: /forum-186-1.html forum, free public examination economist forum, waiting for you! Production and circulation of surplus value The motive and purpose of capitalist production is to obtain surplus value, and the process of producing surplus value is the process of value increment. I. The conversion of money into capital Examination content: familiar with the total capital formula and its existing contradictions, grasp the labor force as a commodity, is the premise of money into capital. Money is the initial form of capital, but money itself is not capital. The difference between money and capital lies in their different forms of circulation: one is the form of commodity circulation (W, G - W); the other is the form of capital flows (G - W - G). The difference between the two lies: (1) the order of buying and selling is different. The former is the first to buy and later to buy, the latter is to buy first sell; (2) the starting point and end point of circulation are different. The starting and ending points of the former are commodities, and the latter are currencies; (3) the medium in circulation is different. The former is money, the latter is commodity. The purpose and content of commodity and capital circulation are different: the purpose of commodity circulation is to consume; the purpose of capital circulation is to obtain more currency. General formula of capital: G - W - G. G, =G+, Delta, G, and G are values of value added to capital during movement, called residual value (m). The most fundamental characteristic of capital movement is that money has added value and transformed into capital in the process of movement. Capital is the value that brings surplus value. The contradiction of the general formula of capital: after the circulation process, th