论数学原理及有关系统的形式不可判定命题(国外英文).docVIP

论数学原理及有关系统的形式不可判定命题(国外英文资料) Godels incomplete theorem There was a magical man who had, in less than two years, had the experience of heaven and hell in the mathematical and logical world. This man was Godel from Austria. As one of the greatest mathematician and logician in twentieth Century, in the logic of the position, generally will be compared with Godel Aristotle and Leibniz; in mathematics, Einstein Godel and his contribution to physics contributions as similar. In June 1952, when the Harvard University gave Godel an honorary degree in physics, he called him the discoverer of the most significant mathematical truths of the twentieth Century. Godels incomplete theorem is the most outstanding, the most representative and the most striking of what Godel has discovered as the most significant mathematical truth of the twentieth Century. In 1929, Godel proved the completeness of first-order logic in his doctoral thesis, Godels logical completeness theorem, which for the time to construct mathematical formalism school based on the axiomatic method is a great inspiration. But in the next second years, Godel published a thesis on the principles of mathematics and the proposition that the form of the system could not be determined, opening the Pandoras box, and Hilberts imagination was shattered. Godels incomplete theorem consists of two incomplete theorems. That is, Godels first incomplete theorem: a formal system that is not weaker than elementary number theory is incomplete if it is consistent. Its intuitive meaning can be roughly described: a theory, if sufficient expression and reasoning ability, so, as long as it doesnt prove contradictory conclusions, there must be some truth, it is not possible to prove. Whether a system is consistent refers to whether or not it is contradictory, and whether it can ensure that two contradictory propositions are not proved in the system; whether the system is complete, that is, whether the relevant real propositions are provable