枯萎病不同抗性蚕豆根系分泌氨基酸和有机酸组分 - 中国生态农业学报.doc

不同抗性蚕豆品种根系分泌物对枯萎病菌 的化感作用及根系分泌物组分分析 摘 要 蚕豆枯萎病是土传病害，其发生与蚕豆根系分泌物有密切的关系。本文以3个枯萎病不同抗性蚕豆品种，‘89-147’(高抗)、‘8363’(中抗) 和‘云豆324’(感病)为材料，通过水培试验收集根系分泌物，测定根系分泌物对镰刀菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响，分析枯萎病不同抗性蚕豆品种根系分泌物中糖、氨基酸和有机酸的含量，分离鉴定了根系分泌物中氨基酸和有机酸的组分。结果表明，抗病品种的根系分泌物抑制了尖孢镰刀菌的孢子萌发和菌丝生长，中抗品种根系分泌物在加入5.0 mL时显著促进尖孢镰刀菌孢子萌发，但对菌丝生长无显著影响；而感病品种根系分泌物在加入1.0 mL时就能显著促进尖孢镰刀菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长。枯萎病不同抗性蚕豆品种根系分泌物中氨基酸总量和总糖含量随抗性的降低而升高，有机酸分泌总量则随蚕豆品种对枯萎病的抗性增加而升高。感病品种和中抗品种中检出15种氨基酸，而高抗品种中检出14种，组氨酸只存在于中抗品种中，脯氨酸仅在感病品种中，3个蚕豆品种根系分泌物中均未检出精氨酸。蚕豆根系分泌物中蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、丝氨酸、苯丙氨酸、谷氨酸、酪氨酸、亮氨酸和天门冬氨酸含量高可能会促进枯萎病的发生。酒石酸仅在抗病品种中存在，根系分泌物中有机酸种类丰富有助于提高蚕豆对枯萎病的抗性。蚕豆对枯萎病的抗性不同，根分泌物对镰刀菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的影响不同，而这种差异与其根系分泌的糖、氨基酸和有机酸的含量与组分有密切相关。 关键词 抗病性 根系分泌物组分 氨基酸 有机酸 化感作用 Allelopathic effects of root exudates of different resistance faba bean cultivars on Fusarium oxysporum and component analysis of root exudates Abstract Fusarium wilt of faba bean is one of the most widespread and destructive soil-borne fungal diseases because of continuous monocropping, which has severely reduced yield, quality and limited faba bean production, especially in Yunnan province. Numerous studies on soil-borne diseases have mainly focused on changing of soil nutrients, soil enzyme and soil microbe, but little is known about the relationship between root exudates with occurrence of soil-borne diseases, especially no reports have confirmed Fusarium wilt occurrence of different cultivars faba bean is affected by difference of faba bean root exudates. The objectives of this study were to compare difference of root exudates content and components of different cultivars faba bean and to lay a foundation for further study the resistance mechanism of faba bean Fusarium wilt, to provide a foundation for ecological control of faba bean Fusarium wilt. The different resistance cultivars, 89-147 (high resistance), 8363 (middle resistance) and Yundou324 (susceptibility) were selected as experiment materials, root exudates of three cultivars faba bean were collected by nutrient solution culture. The eff