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- 2017-07-02 发布于河南
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动词瞬时性与持续性
一、怎么判别单词是持续性动词还是瞬间动词
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy, catch a cold, hear, hear from等。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
二、持续性动词和瞬时性动词用法解析
1、因为瞬时性表示动作是短暂的不能够持续,瞬时性动词的现在完成时不能与表示一段时间
的状语连用如:since,for等引导的状语。
He has died for three years.(错误) 因为die是一个瞬时性动词,所以不能和for three years表示一段时间的时间状语连用
但是可以改成:
He has been dead for three years. 将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词
He died three years ago. 将句中表示段时间的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语
It is three years since he died. 用句型It is+段时间+since...表达
Three years has passed since he died. 用句型时间+has passed + since...表达
练习:He has come here for five days. 将其改为正确的。
注意:一些常用的终止性动词与相应的延续性动词的转换:leave→ be away, borrow→ keep, buy→ have, begin/start→ be on, die→ be dead, move to→ live in, finish→ be over, join→ be in/be a member of, open sth→ keep sth open, fall ill→ be ill, get up→ be up, catch a cold→ have a cold
2、瞬时性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
He hasnt left here since 1986. I havent heard from my father for two weeks.
3、瞬时性动词与“until/ till”连用时,只能用否定式,表示“直到…才…”
You cant leave here until I arrive. I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.
4、终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式):
How long have you come here? →How long have you been here?/ when did you come here?
How long haven’t you seen her?
5、终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。When既可以表示点时间(从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以表示段时间(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词只能用延续性动词。
When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. (reach为瞬时性动词) Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away是延续性)
6、在连词since引导的时间状语从句中, 用终止性动词的过去时或用延缓性动词过去时,其含义是大不相同。A、since所引导的时间状语从句中,如果句子谓语是瞬时性性动词的过去时, 则从句表示的时间是从“那一时刻开始”: He has studied very hard since he came to our school. B、since所引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语是持续性动词的过去时,那么从句所表示的时间是从持续性动词所表示的动作结束时算起:
I haven’t heard any noise si
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