BackgroundofCriticalRealism(批判现实主义的背景)概要1.pptVIP

Background of Critical Realism Contents 1. Social Background 2. Ideological Background 3. Economic and Political Background Social Background a. The foundmental contradiction: the struggle between the workers and capitalists(the disparity between the poor and the rich) b. The working class were striving for the basic right and better living and working conditions. Many workers movements broke out, such as Chartist Movement (1836-1848) c. The British bourgeoisie strengthened its policy of colonial expansion in all parts of the world Ideological Background The rapid development of science and technology, new inventions and discoveries in geology, astronomy, biology and anthropology drastically shook people’s religious convictions and brought amazing changes to the country. Darwins The Origin of the Species 1859 Cell Theory Energy Transformation Biological Evolution Economic and Political Background a. After the Reform Bill of 1832 passed the political power from the decaying aristocrats into the hands of the middle-class industrial capitalists, the Industrial Revolution soon geared up. c. Large amounts of profit were accumulated both from expanding its foreign trade markets and from exploiting its huge-sized colonies. b. During the next twenty years, with the Industrial Revolution in full swing, the nation was well ahead of others in development. Charles Dickens 1812-1870 His epitaph He was a sympathizer to the poor, the suffering, and the oppressed; and by his death, one of Englands greatest writers is lost to the world. “他是贫穷、受苦与被压迫人民的同情者；他的去世令世界失去了一位伟大的英国作家。” Main Contents I. Life II. Literary Works III. Analysis of Oliver Twist IV. Analysis of David Copperfield. Life Born in Portsmouth, England on Feb. 7, 1812 Only had a few years of private education at William Giless School, in Chatham before his father was imprisoned When he was 12,he worked in a factory putting labels on bottles of shoe polish,helping sopport his family. After hi