Chapter 2 British History英国历史概要1.ppt

THE CHARTIST CONVENTION OF 1839 Chartist March, 1848 The Chartist Movement(1836-1848) Reasons of the failure: (P.192) weak and divided leadership; no coordinate with trade-unionism; immature working class. Significance: a. first nationwide working class movement; b. first five points realized; c. Lenin’s comment: “the first broad, really mass, politically formed, proletarian revolutionary movement”. The House of Hanoverians (汉诺威王朝) After the death of Queen Anne (The House of Stuart), the son of James I’s granddaughter Sophia, the Hanover of German succeeded the throne. The House of Hanoverians George I (1714-1727) George II (1727-1760) George III (1760-1820) George IV (1820-1830) William IV (1830-1837) Victoria (1837-1901) Queen Victoria (1837-1901) Reigned over British Empire for 64 years. Queen Elizabeth laid the foundation of the Empire and its real establishment was achieved under the reign of Queen Victoria. Victorian (P.193-197) Trade Union Time: 1868 Aims: Coordinate the interest of industrial workers The Labour Party Its origins were in the Independent Labour Party (ILP). In 1900s the Labour Representation Committee (LRC) was established. In 1906, it changed its name to the Labour Party in time for the general election. The British Empire Through the colonization of North America, the conquest of India, the scramble for Africa and aggression against China, by 1900 Britain had built up a big empire, “on which the sun never set”. It consisted of a vast number of protectorates, Crown Colonies (英政府直辖殖民地), spheres of influence, and self-governing dominions; and it included 25% of the world’s population and area. (P.199-205) All areas of the world that were ever part of the British Empire. Current?British Overseas Territories have their names underlined in red. House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Edward VII (1901-1910) (Queen Victoria’s son) House of Windsor George V (1910-1936) Edward VIII (1936) George VI (1936-1952) Elizabeth II (1952-) Twentiet