Chapter 3 Geometry and measurement review几何与测量概要1.ppt

Chapter 3 Geometry and measurement review 1.Geometric notation You will need to be able to recognise and use geometric notation for points and lines,line segments,rays,angles and their measures,and lengths. In the figure above,the xy-coordinate plane has origin O.The values of x on the horizontal x-axis increase as you move to the right,and the values of y on the vertical y-axis increase as you move up. You will also need to know the meaning of the following notation: the line containing the points P and E (this is the same as line l) the line segment with endpoints P and E the length of the line segment (you can write = ) the ray starting at P and extending infinitely in the direction of E the ray starting at E and extending infinitely in the direction of P the angle formed by and the measure of (you can write ) the triangle with vertices O,C and Q the quadrilateral with vertices B,P,M and O the relationship that is perpendicular to (you should also recognize that the small square within means this is a right angle) 2.Points and lines There is a unique line that contains any two distinct points. Therefore,in the following diagram,line is the only line that contains both point A and point B. The midpoint of a line segment is the point that divides it into segments of equal length.The diagram below shows the midpoint M of line segment Example Points E,F and G all lie on the line m,with E to the left to F. EF=10,FG=8 and EGFG. What is EG? 3.Angles in plane In order to work through some of the mathmatics questions, you will need to know the basic facts about the angles formed in a plane by lines,line segments and rays. Note that any pair of angles next to each other in the figure have measures that add up to 180°. (This is the measure of a straight