Comparative Advantage 相对优势概要1.pptVIP

The Comparative Advantage Theory 英语108 group 2 David Ricardo(1772---1823) Background 19th century initial stage, British industry is developing instantly. the position of British propertied class gets continuously consolidation and continuously takes place with the benefits conflict of British landlord rank, in 1815 British government for supported land nobility rank benefits but emendation to practice 《corn laws》 . Because the food price soars rapidly, the rent charge is fierce to increase, seriously injured the benefits of propertied class. British propertied class urgently requests the abrogation 《corn laws 》 and launched a vigorous conflict with landlord rank thus. 背景 19世纪初期，英国工业高速发展，英国资产阶级的地位得到不断巩固，与英国地主阶级的利益冲突不断发生，1815年英国政府为维护土地贵族阶级利益而修订实行了《谷物法》。 由于粮价飞涨，地租猛增，严重损害了资产阶级的利益。英国资产阶级迫切要求废除《谷物法》，从而与地主阶级展开了激烈的斗争。 Comparative Advantage In economics, the law of comparative advantage refers to the ability of a person or a country to produce a particular good or service at a lower marginal and opportunity cost over another. Even if one country is more efficient in the production of all goods than the other, both countries will still gain by trading with each other, as long as they have different relative efficiencies. Definition A countrys comparative cost of a product is relatively lower than another nation When producing The same unit , we say this country has comparative advantage in the production of that products. 一个国家生产同一单位的某种产品的比较成本相对低于另外一个国家，这个国家在这种产品的生产上具有比较优势 example Suppose there are two countries of equal size, Northland and Southland that both produce and consume two goods, food and clothes. The productive capacities and efficiencies of the countries are such that if both countries devoted all their resources to food production, output would be as follows: Assuming each has constant opportunity costs of production between the two products and both economies have full employment at all times. All factors of production are mobile within the count