critical thinking阅读时的批判性思维.ppt

Critical Thinking Unit 2, Book II Text 1 Critical Thinking Part I: (Paras. 1 – 4) What is critical thinking? (definition) Para. 1: It’s a system for opening every existing system. Para. 2: Or, critical thinking is thinking that analyzes thought, that assesses thought, and that transforms thought for the better. Para. 2: (There is a third way to talk about critical thinking) It’s thinking about thinking while thinking in order to think better. Para. 4: In other words, critical thinking, …, transforms thinking in two directions: more systematically and more comprehensively. Part II: (Paras. 5 – 6) Critical thinking is important. Para. 5: It’s important because we, as creatures, are deeply determined … by our thinking. Para. 6: Our future as a species is dependent on whether we can develop the wherewithal to raise our collective thinking so as to produce positive changes in societies across the world. Part III: (Paras. 7 – 10): The task of developing critical societies is a Herculean one. Para. 7: topic sentence and background information. Paras. 8 -- 10: There are many barriers to critical thought. -- Para. 8: human egocentricity, sociocentricity, self-delusion, narrow-mindedness -- Para. 9: fear, human insecurity, human habits, bureaucracy -- Para. 10: Then for us who are teaching, student resistance to critical thinking is an obstacle. ... mistaken notions, ignorance, our limited knowledge, stubbornness, our activated ignorance, (finally) our resistance to doing the intellectual work ... Part IV (Paras. 11 – 15): How do we cultivate critical thinking? Paras. 11 and 12: This can be done only person-by-person through a process, which we call intellectual work. Think of the “Elements of Thought” ... Are we in the habit of asking questions? Paras. 13 – 15: What standards do you use to assess your thinking and the thinking of others? “I use the standards of clarity, accuracy, precision, relevance, depth, breadth, logic and fairness.” The las