English Lexicology高扬6章.pptVIP

English lexicology (III) Contents Chapter 6. Idioms, Multiword Verbs and Proverbs 一般人阅读理解过程中并不是读不懂句子或者某一段，而是某句中一个成语或者短语一下子使读者卡壳。这就是我们常说的词与词搭配的化学变化，即几个词搭配在一起失去了他们原来的意思形成了一个全新个意思,你根据他们原来的意思就猜不透新意. 这种现象叫词的化学变化。 6.1 Introduction Idioms, multiword verbs and proverbs constitute an important part of the English language. They are very common in spoken and written English. The general tendency of present-day English is towards more idiomatic usage. 6.2 Idioms An idiom can be defined as a group of words with a meaning of its own that is different from the meanings of each separate words put together. Idioms are conventionalized multiword expressions. They are linguistic wholes that are greater than the sum of their parts. They may be treated as a type of collocation involving two or more words in context. The meaning of an idiom cannot be predicted from its components. For example, when we say ‘Don’t beat a dead horse’, we do not imply that the carcass (尸体) of a certain kind of animal is involved; what we mean is that the person should not waste time harping on about an issue that has already been decided. There are many different sources of idioms. Many English idioms come from the every-day life of the English-speaking people, e. g. to be born with a silver spoon in ones mouth, to make a clean sweep of something, to hit the nail on the head. There are many which have to do with food and cooking, e.g. to eat humble pie, out of the frying-pan into the fire, to be in the soup. Agricultural life has given rise to go to seed, to put ones hand to the plough, to lead someone up the garden path. Nautical life and military life are the source of when ones ship comes home, to be in the same boat as someone, to be in deep waters, to sail under false colors, to cross swords with someone, to fight a pitched battle, to fight a losing/winning battle. Many idioms include parts of the body, animals, and colors, e.g. to turn the other cheek, the apple of ones eye. 6.2.1 Classifica