宾语从句和状语从句.docVIP

宾语从句 宾语从句是英语中用来充当宾语的句子。带有宾语从句的那个句子叫主句。宾语从句一般由“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”构成，其语序是陈述句语序。 ?? that引导的宾语从句 主句的谓语动词是say, think, tell, know, hear, see, feel, mean, hope, wish, remember, forget等时，或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid, glad, sure, sorry等作表语的系表结构时，后面常接that引导的宾语从句。 e.g. He says that he wants to speak to the headmaster. I’m sorry (that) he isn’t here right now. : 1.????? that 的省略： that 引导的宾语从句用来陈述事实，that本身无词义，在从句中不作任何成分，在口语中或非正式文体中常常可被省略。 e.g. I guess (that) somebody else has borrowed it. I’m afraid (that) you’ll have to wait. 2.????? 宾语从句的否定转移： 主句是I/We think/suppose/guess/believe等时，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中。如：我认为鸡不会游泳。 误：I think chickens can not swim. 正：I don’t think chickens can swim. 此外，上述情况在变成反意疑问句时，附加疑问句要看从句如果主句的主语不是第一人称，则附加疑问句要看主句。试比较： I think he is wrong, isn’t he? He thinks he is right, doesn’t he? ???if/ whether 引导的宾语从句 if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中，whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如： e.g. She asked me if/whether I could help her with her English. I don’t know if/whether it is going to rain. : 只用whether的种情况： 1.????? 在带to的动词不定式前 He doesn’t know whether to go to the cinema or to watch TV at home. 2.????? 在介词后 I’m thinking of whether we should go fishing. 3.?????与or not连用时 4.????? 在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中 We discussed whether would have a sports meeting next wek. 5.????? 宾语从句提前时只能用whether Whether this is true or not, I can’t say. 6.????? 引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用whether Whether he is right or wrong is a question. 连接代词和连接副词构成： 1) 宾语从句可由连接代词what, who, whom, which等引导，它们在宾语从句 中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等，不能省略 Do you know who will come this afternoon? (作主语) Did you hear what he said? （作宾语） I don’t know whose that is. （作表语） Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? （作gate的定语） 2) 宾语从句可由连接副词when, where, how, why等引导，它们在宾语从句 中作状语，不可省略。 We didn’t know when she would come back. Could you tell me how I can get to the post office? No one knows why she is late again. 、难点： 1) 避免重复出现连接代词或连接副词； e.g. *I can’t see that what is over there. （应去掉that） 2) 从句中的语序为陈述语序； e.g. *Do you know h