有限元法理论(一)研究.ppt

Finite Element Analysis Theory 有限元法理论 Introduction to Computational Mechanics Modeling and simulation of mechanics problems Finite element method Finite difference method Molecular dynamics method Boundary element method Chapter 1. Elasticity and Finite Element Method第一章 弹性力学及有限元 Theory of elasticity is often called elasticity or theory of elastic mechanics. It is the branch of solid mechanics. 弹性力学的理论简称为弹性理论或弹性力学。它是固体力学的一个分枝。 What does the Elasticity deal with? It deals with the stresses, deformations and displacements in elastic solids produced by external forces or changes in temperature. 研究弹性体由于外力和温度改变而引起的应力，形变和位移。 It analyzes the stresses, deformations and displacements of structural elements within the elastic range and thereby to check the sufficiency of their strength, stiffness and stability. 分析结构的应力，形变和位移，检查是否满足强度，刚度和稳定性条件。 The Important Concept in Elasticity弹性力学中的几个重要概念 External Forces 外力 Stress 应力 Deformation (Strain) 形变(应变) Displacement 位移 A. external forces 外 力 Body forces 体积力，体力 External forces or the loads, distributed over the volume of the body, are called body forces. 分布在物体体内的外力叫体力:重力，惯性力 Surface forces 表面力，面力 External forces, or the loads, distributed over the surface of a body, are called surface forces. 分布在物体表面的外力叫面力:水压力，接触力 B. Stress 应 力 Internal forces: under the action of external forces, internal forces will be produced between the parts of a body. 内力：在外力作用下，物体各部分间产生相互作用的力叫内力。 Stresses are the internal forces acting on the per unit area. 应力:作用在单位面积上的内力。 Stress Fig. 应力定义图 The normal component is called the normal stress. The tangential component is called the shearing stress. 法向分量叫法向应力，切向分量叫剪应力。 The fig. of stress notation 坐标面上应力记号图 C. Deformation 形 变 By deformation we mean the change of the shape of a body, which may be expressed by the changes in lengths and angl