主要致病性真菌.pptVIP

浅部感染真菌 表面感染真菌 皮肤癣真菌 皮下组织真菌感染 表面感染真菌 位置：寄居于人体皮肤和毛干的最表层。因不接触组织细胞，很少引起宿主细胞反应 统称：角层癣菌 代表：秕糠马拉癣菌(Malassezia furfur) 症状： 皮肤表面出现花斑癣（汗斑） Malassezia furfur Tinea versicolor on skin surface (sweat stain) The lesions are small hypopigmented or hyperpigmented macules Most common site : back, underarm, upper arm, chest, neck Most common in adolescent and young adult males Associated with increased sweating Piedraia hortae It usually affected the scalp hair The nodules are darker in color, harder, and more firmly attached to the hairs Black Piedra Fungal otitis externa Fungal infection of the external auditory canal Caused by several species of Aspergillus (most often A.niger), but Candida albicans is also capable of infecting this site The major symptoms are itching and feeling of fullness in ear 皮肤癣真菌 引起皮肤浅部感染 统称：皮肤癣菌 嗜角质蛋白，侵犯部位：角化的表皮，毛发，指（趾）甲 病理变化：由真菌增殖及代谢产物刺激宿 主引起 致病性 指（趾）甲 皮肤 毛发 毛癣菌属 + + + 表皮癣菌属 + + - 小孢子癣菌属 - + + Tinea Unguium usually caused by Trichophyton sp Tinea Corporis:caused by M. canis, following contact with infectious kittens Tinea Cruris (Jock itch):Infection of the groin, mainly seen in men Tinea Capitis (scalp ringworm) Candidiasis of skin, mucous membranes and nails Predisposing factors Infancy, pregnancy, old age Disorders of immune function, e.g., leukemia, corticosteroid therapy Chemotherapy, e.g., immunosuppressive, antibiotic Endocrine disease, e.g., diabetes mellitus Carcinoma Oropharyngeal candidiasis : including thrush, glossitis, stomatitis and angular cheilitis Cutaneous candidiasis : including Interdigital candidiasis, diaper candidiasis, paronychia and onychomycosis Vulvovaginal candidiasis and balanitis 皮下组织真菌感染 主要有孢子丝菌和着色真菌 申克孢子丝菌，属腐生性真菌，常因外伤接触带菌的花草等引起感染。此菌可引起孢子丝菌下疳。此菌也可引起深部感染。是一种二相性真菌。 着色真菌感染发生在暴露部位，称着色真菌病。我国主要有卡氏枝孢霉和裴氏着色芽生菌。 Sporotrichosis Chromomycos