山东方言特征谓词研究.pdfVIP

中文摘要 对汉语方言区域的划分，学术界历来以语音为划分依据。然而，这种划分标准尚有不 足之处，许多异区同音现象都无从解释。随着人们对词汇研究的深入，方言特征词理论首 次在许宝华的《加强汉语方言的词汇研究》一文中被明确提出。随后李如龙先生在《论汉 语方言特征词》中又对此做了理论系统地论述，并提出了将词汇纳入方言区划分标准的设 想。由于人们对方言文化的重视，方言节目日兴。但碍于形式，其对某些方言词语的分析 过于浅显。因而，借助工具书对词语的进一步研究尤为必要。谓词包括动词和形容词，且 最能反映人们的动作行为及思想状态等。因此，对谓词特征词的研究可以更好地突显方言 词的特点，从而加深对方言词汇的研究。 鉴于上述因素，笔者通过搜集语料，将山东方言特征谓词的结构、词义与普通话进行 了对比分析，并探讨了山东方言特征谓词的理据以及语用方面的特点。观点如下：与普通 话相比，山东方言特征谓词的双音节词和多音节词数量较多，且使用频率高；大量运用重 叠法构形，与所对应的普通话词语的差异较为明显；造词理据多呈现为曲折形式，以音义 为理据的词多为象声词，以句段为理据的词直观形象，以文化为理据的词内涵丰富；语用 上主要受语用目的和语用条件所驱，修辞效果及感情色彩极其鲜明。 关 键 词：山东方言特征词 谓词 结构 词义 理据 语用 万方数据 Abstract All along, academia traditionally divided regional dialects by voice-based. However, there are numerous deficiencies in this division standard. Many phenomena such as the same voice but in different areas could not be explained. As people ’s focus on the study of vocabulary, the theory of dialect’s feature words was proposed in Xu Baohua’s Strengthening Chinese dialects vocabulary study. Then Mr. Li Rulong systematically discussed this theory and visioned: put on the vocabulary-based as one standard of dialect ’s area. With the increasing emphasis on dialect ’s culture, dialect programs are flourishing day by day.However, due to the confine of form，the analysis of words were too superficial. Thus, further studies by using tools book are particularly necessary for the words. Predicates, including verbs and adjectives, that can best reflects the peoples movement behavior and state of mind and so on. Therefore, the study of the predicate feature words can better highlight the characteristics of dialect words, so as to further the study of dialect words. In view of the above factors, opposed