Lecture 9《英语词汇学》教案第九章概要1.doc

Lecture 9 讲授题目：Changes in Word Meaning 计划学时：2 periods 教学方法：传统讲授法 参考资料：《英语词汇学教程》、《英语词汇学》 所属章节：《现代英语词汇学概论》之第9章 教学目的和要求：通过本单元的学习，学生应对词 义变化的种类、词义演变的原因和过程有较好的了解和认识。 教学重点： 1) Types of changes; 2) Causes of changes. 教学难点： Six major types of changes: 1) Extension; 2) Narrowing; 3)Elevation; 4) Degradation; 5) Transfer; 5) Euphemism. ※ Vocabulary is the most unstable element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content. Comparatively, the content is even more unstable than the form. Of course, some meanings remain much the same for a long time because the referents to which they direct do not change. ※ Changing in word meaning has never ceased since the language came into being and will continue in the future. Yet no one has been able to systemize the ways in which changes occur. However, there are a few patterns that changes follow. This lecture will discuss in some detail the major patterns and the causes of changes. Types of Change Extension of Meaning Narrowing of Meaning Elevation of Meaning Degradation of Meaning Transference of Meaning Euphemism Extension of Meaning  词义的扩大 Generalization / Widening of Meaning It is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized or has extended to cover a broader and often less definite concept. 一个原本具有特殊意义的单词的词义被延伸，范围扩大，从而指代一种普遍意义语义变化过程。 Manuscript (original) Handwriting( writing by hand only) (手稿) (present) Any author’s writing whether written by hand or typed with a type-writer or a word-processor (原稿) Salary (original) a sum of money given to Roman soldiers to enable them to buy salt (政府按时发给古罗马军人一些买盐的钱) (present) fixed payment made by employer at regular intervals to employees (薪水) Generalization of meaning is also found in many technical terms, which are confined to specialized use. allergic (original)