Lecture 31 Subordination (I) 语法教程 章振邦 上外概要1.pptVIP

Teaching contents 1. Coordination and subordination 2.Subordinate clauses (finite) Nominal clauses Relative clauses Adverbial clauses 3. Some few notes on adverbial clauses 并列和从属是两种不同的连接手段。 eg. The rain stopped. The sun came out. → The rain stopped and the sun came out. → When the rain stopped, the sun came out. 从句 主句 从属：把次要思想置于结构上的从属地位，从而突出句子的主要思想。 Subordinators 从属连词 Subordinate clauses are generally introduced by subordinators, which, in terms of word formation构词法, can be classified into. simple subordinators,简单从属连词 complex subordinators,复杂从属连词 correlative subordinators,关联从属连词 marginal subordinators.边际从属连词 after although because before directly for if immediately lest like since that though till Also known as “multi-word subordinators” Some of these end in “that” Complex subordinators复杂从属连词 Some of these end in “as” Correlative subordinators 关联从属连词 Subordinators of this group are composed of two correlative words Marginal subordinators 边际从属连词 free lexical combinations. This group is sometimes hard to distinguish from complex subordinators. 2. Subordinate clauses (finite) 限定从属从句 Structurally, subordinate clauses may be finite, non-finite, or verbless. A finite subordinate clause is one whose predicator is a finite verb phrase. Nominal clauses(名词性分句，主/宾/补/同位) Relative clauses(关系分句，定语从句) Adverbial clauses(状语分句，状语) Nominal clauses名词性分句 Also known as “noun clauses” It can perform most functions of NPs Usually introduced by “that” or by a wh-word such as who, what, which, where, when, how, why, etc. Nominal clauses can function as subject, object, subject complement, appositive(同位语), and prepositional complementation(介词补语) Nominal clauses名词性分句 It is quite clear that the crime was done deliberately. I can’t imagine what made him behave like that. The mystery is whether he ever went there at all. My original question, why he did it at all, has not yet been answered. You must give