高中英语 语法精讲系列(八).ppt

【点津】有些动词后使用动词的ing形式和动词不定式作宾语有差别 forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事(此事未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生) stop to do sth. 停止、中断(某件事), 目的是去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止正在做或经常做的事 remember to do sth. 记住去做某事(未做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做) regret to do sth. 对……遗憾(常跟say, tell, inform等) regret doing sth. 对做过的事后悔 try to do sth. 努力、企图做某事 try doing sth. 试验、试一试某种办法 mean to do打算, 有意要做…… mean doing 意味着 go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情) go on doing继续(原先没有做完的事情) 3. 动词的ing形式作表语 (1)动词的ing形式作表语, 表示抽象的一般性的行为；而不定式作表语一般表示具体动作, 特别是表示将来的动作。 ［例］His hobby is collecting stamps. (2)表心理状态的interesting, exciting, delighting, disappointing, encouraging, worrying, puzzling, satisfying, surprising, pleasing等作表语时, 表示客观“令人……的”；而interested, excited, delighted, disappointed, encouraged, worried, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, pleased, 等表示主观“感到……的”。 ［例］Travelling is interesting but tiring. 4. 动词的ing形式作定语 (1)表示正在进行的动作、经常性动作或现在(或当时)的状态。 ［例］Barking dogs seldom bite. (2)-ing作定语时, 被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。 ［例］The building being constructed will be used as a library. (现在正在进行的被动) (3)-ing作定语时, 其动作和句子谓语动词所表示的动作是同时进行的。如果不是同时进行的, 就不能用-ing作定语, 要使用定语从句。 ［例］The girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak English very well. (write与speak动作不是同时发生的) (4)-ing作定语时, 如果-ing只是一个单词, 就位于其修饰的名词之前, 如果是短语, 就位于其修饰的名词之后。 5. 动词的ing形式作状语 (1)动词的ing形式作状语时总是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生, having done表示先于谓语动词所表示的动作发生的动作。 ［例］Seeing Tom, I couldn’t help thinking of his brother. Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. (2)动词的ing形式可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、结果、让步等状语。 ［例］Being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. (原因状语) Mary stood at the school gate waiting for Betty. (伴随状语) While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building. (时间状语) 【点津】常见的作状语的固定短语：Generally/Frankly/ Roughly speaking一般说来/坦白地说/粗略地说, considering. . . 鉴于/考虑到……, judging by/from. . . 从……来看, 依据……来判断, supposing/suppose that. . . 假定……, providing that. . . 假定……, according to. . . 依据……, including. . . 包括……, owing to. . . 由于……, talking/speaking of谈及…… 6. 动