英语句子结构分析.pptVIP

* 序 言 英语句子有两种分类法。一是按照句子的用途可分为四种类型。二是按照句子的结构可分为三种类型。 ⑴ 按照句子的用途可分为以下四种类型： ① 陈述句 (肯定与否定)；② 疑问句 (一般；特殊；选择；反意)；③ 祈使句；④ 感叹句。 ⑵ 按照句子的用结构分为以下三种类型： ① 简单句；② 并列句；③ 复合句。 ㈠按照句子的用途，指出下列句子各属于哪一种类型？ ⒈ How time flies! ⒉ What a hard-working student he is! ⒊ Would you please pass me the cup? ⒋ Our school is not far from my home. ⒌ What do you know about Bill Gates? ⒍ We will make our school more beautiful. ⒎ Would you like to go with me or stay here? ⒏ Which do you like best, milk, coffee or tea? ⒐ All the students think highly of his teaching. ⒑ He didn’t come. That is why he didn’t know. ⒒ You didn’t have a good sleep last night, did you? ⒓ Don’t get nervous. Help yourself to what you like. 感叹句 感叹句 疑问句 陈述句 疑问句 陈述句 疑问句 疑问句 陈述句 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 ㈡ 按照句子的结构，指出下列句子各属于哪一种类型？ ⒈ Hurry up, or you’ll be late. ⒉ Go back where you came from. ⒊ I hate skating, while he loves it. ⒋ At last he got home, tired and hungry. ⒌ What the man with much money chooses is living alone. ⒍ We know that the man with much money chooses living alone. ⒎ The man who has much money chooses living alone. ⒏ Though the man has much money, he chooses living alone. ⒐ The sad thing is that the man with much money chooses living alone. ⒑ The thing that the man with much money chooses living alone is known to everyone. 并列句 复合句 并列句 简单句 复合句 复合句 复合句 复合句 复合句 复合句 简单句 简单句就是只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况，英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语)，有时候还有宾语；而且除了倒装句等特殊句型，一般情况下，主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的，不可能宾语跑到谓语前面，或者谓语跑到主语前面。一般说来，英语简单句可以简化为三种形式： ① 主语 + 谓语(vi.) ② 主语 + 谓语(vt.) + 宾语 ③ 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 所以，我们在阅读句子的时候，不管句子有多长，不管是并列句还是复合句，都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语(或表语)，有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、谓语、宾语中英语句子的主干，抓住了句子的主干，句子的基本意思就清楚了。 句子成分 要弄清楚英语句子的结构，我们先要弄清楚组成一个句子的各个组成部分，即句子的成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要：主语与谓语 次要：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语与同位语 ① The sun rises in the east. 主 谓 状 ② My job is teaching English. 定 主 系表结构 ③ We often see Mr Li ride a bike to work. 主 状 谓 宾 宾补 ④