有关台海一带的海盗宝藏传说.doc

海盜?寶藏－林道乾、蔡牽的寶藏傳說之研究( 蔡蕙如 摘要 自古以來，海盜與官軍海戰與爭奪寶藏的各種故事總是吸引人們興趣，傳奇色彩的傳說也吸引著人們不斷地傳誦。「海盜?寶藏」包含著各種母題——藏寶、尋寶、藏寶圖、爭奪寶藏、失去寶藏——這些母題使得傳說與海洋、濱海、藏寶處有著密切關係。明清以來，台灣與中國東南沿海、日本、菲律賓之間的海域逐漸成為海盜出沒、橫行的區域，這各地區也流傳著各種海盜藏寶傳說。而閩粵、台灣沿海的島嶼，具有洞穴、洞窟的地形，就成為地形傳說最佳的產生地。海邊的岩岸、離島、懸崖、山洞、海蝕洞等，都被賦予海盜出沒、藏寶的傳說，著名者如：台灣南部廣為流傳林道乾的埋金傳說；馬祖列島一帶有蔡牽、林義和、陳忠平的藏寶故事，還有明灼海盜洞的寶物傳說、北竿的海盜屋、山隴村後寶藏洞等等。 從事海上事業的海盜掠奪商船的財物後，必須尋找安全地加以保藏，避免被發現。於是，海盜總是將寶藏藏匿在隱密的洞窟、地底。為了他日取得方便，或是怕被他人發現，或怕自己也遺忘了，海盜常製作藏寶圖做為日後尋找的指南，以備不時之需。於是「藏寶」、「尋寶」、「藏寶地」、「藏寶圖」常成為傳說的主題，也成為文學創作的素材。 因此，本文以「海盜?寶藏」類型傳說為研究對象，主要是林道乾、蔡牽的傳說為主，探究與海盜有關的寶藏傳說，主要從「藏寶動機」→「藏寶地點」→「尋寶過程」及「獲得 / 失去寶藏」等情節單元來探究「海盜寶藏」傳說的特色。其次，也藉由民間文學由口傳進入文本書寫時的特質差異來探及其背後的文化意涵。 關鍵詞：海盜、寶藏、母題、海盜文化 Summary Since the ancient times, the battles between pirates and marines and treasures hunting always attracted everyones minds. Pirates and treasure legends include many motifs: just like: treasure hunting , treasure maps, fights for the treasure, losing treasures. Since Ming and Qing Dynasties, the seas among Taiwan and China southeast coastal area, Japan, Philippine became the area where pirates sail around , become the best production ground of topographical legend. Guangdong ,Fujian ,the coastal islands of Taiwan propagating various kinds of pirates too. The coastal caves , cavern, Rock and bank, subsidiary island, cliff, cave, marine abrasion hole in the seashore. The legends like: Taiwan south is it spread wide forest a dish of the universe bury the gold legend to take; Mazu archipelago area have lead, Yi Lin and, Chen Zhong flat Tibet treasure story Cai, there are treasure holes ,etc. Robing the merchant ship on the sea, the pirates must find a place to preserve afely, avoid being found. Then, the pirates always hide the treasure at the latent and dense cavern, ground bottom. In order to make it convenient to get ,or found by others ,forgotten by oneself, the pirates made the treasure maps for the guide. So this text is fixed on the legends of pirate treasure , to discuss the motives ,places ,procedu